低轨偏置动量卫星气动干扰力矩补偿控制研究  

Study on Atmosphere Disturbance Moment Control for Momentum-Biased Low-Orbit Satellites

作　　者：王献忠 张肖 张丽敏 

机构地区：[1]上海市空间智能控制技术重点实验室,上海201109 [2]上海航天控制技术研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《上海航天》2017年第2期74-78,共5页Aerospace Shanghai

基　　金：国防预研究项目(30504040304)

摘　　要：针对低轨卫星由于气动干扰力矩较大导致偏置动量控制精度较低的问题,理论分析了气动干扰力矩并进行建模,讨论了基于角动量与角速率作用产生陀螺力矩的影响。固定偏置动量卫星X、Z轴基于磁力矩器控制,气动干扰力矩严重时又处于磁不可控区,为确保姿态控制精度,考虑增加1台反作用飞轮抑制气动干扰力矩,反作用飞轮可与偏置动量轮组成单自由度偏置动量控制,反作用飞轮用作补偿轮,沿X轴安装。采用飞轮角动量补偿和磁补偿方法提高固定偏置动量控制精度:为防止赤道上空X轴处于磁不可控区时补偿轮角动量变化对X轴的干扰,对补偿轮角动量输出进行限幅,给出了补偿算法;为防止反作用飞轮限幅后角动量对Z轴产生干扰,设计了磁补偿控制策略。仿真结果表明:在同时采用角动量补偿和磁补偿后三轴姿态控制精度0.2°,较无补偿时有大幅提高。Aiming at the problem that the control precision of bias momentum low-orbit satellite was inferior because of the atmosphere disturbance, the atmosphere disturbance was analyzed and modeled. The gyro moment effect based on the action momentum and velocity was discussed. The X axis and Y axis were controlled by magnetic torquers for momentum-biased satellite. And the satellite was in the area not controlled by magnetic torquers when disturbance moment of atmosphere was big. To improve attitude control accuracy, it could add one reaction wheel to suppress the disturbance moment of atmosphere. The wheel added as a compensation wheel could combine with biased momentum wheel to form momentum-biased control with single freedom. The accuracy of fixed momentum- biased control was improved by wheel angular momentum compensation and magnetic compensation. The amplitude of angular momentum output of the compensation wheel was limited to avoid the change of the compensation wheel disturbing X axis when the satellite was above equator and in the area of X axis not controlled. The compensation algorithm was given. The magnetic compensation strategy was designed to avoid the angular momentum disturbing Z axis after the output amplitude was limited. The simulation results showed that the control precision was 0. 2° by compensating method proposed which was much higher than that of without compensation.

关 键 词：低轨卫星 姿态控制 偏置动量控制 飞轮 磁力矩器 气动干扰 力矩补偿 对日定向 

分 类 号：V448.22[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]