动机对创造力的作用:研究现状与展望  

The Effects of Motivation on Creativity: Present Situation and Prospect

作　　者：郝宁[1] 汤梦颖 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2017年第4期107-114,共8页Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目"发散性思维中酝酿效应的脑机制研究"(项目编号:31100741)

摘　　要：不同动机对创造力的作用机制不同。内部动机有利于个体专注于创造过程,外部动机有利于提升个体的创造意图,二者均可促进创造力。与控制性动机相比,自主性动机为个体提供更大的自由度,允许个体以更为发散的方式解决问题从而提升创造力。趋近动机可增强个体思维的灵活性从而促进创造力,回避动机在特定情境中通过增强个体的坚持性亦有利于创造力的提升。亲社会动机使个体跳出自身视角的局限,增强其观点整合能力从而促进创造力;反社会动机则可能带来对规则的破坏感,进而易化创造性思维。责任动机、联合动机和权力动机对群体及群体中的个体的创造力有着积极影响。未来研究应分析多种动机对创造力的整合或交互作用,探寻动机作用于创造力的共有机制。Different motivations influence creativity in different ways. Intrinsic motivation enhances creativity by helping people focus on creative process itself. Previous studies used to investigate the impacts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on creativity separately,while now the focus is transferring to integrate both of them. Further research should explore how intrinsic and extrinsic motivations influence creative problem solving interactively,considering types of creativity tasks. The self-determination theory( SDT) provides a desirable explanation for disagreements on the impacts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on creativity. Approach motivation promotes creativity with flexibility,so does avoidance motivation with persistence. Recent researches began to testify the effects of social motivations on creativity. The studies revealed that prosocial motivation affects creativity combined with intrinsic motivation. All in all,future research should address two scientific issues. First,how do various motivations influence creativity in integrated or interactive ways? Second,what are the general mechanisms underlying the effects of motivations on creativity?

关 键 词：创造力 内部/外部动机 趋近/回避动机 社会性动机 

分 类 号：G305[文化科学]