覆膜和氮肥用量对雨养春玉米农田甲烷吸收的影响  

Effect of film mulching and nitrogen fertilizer on CH_4 absorption of rainfed spring maize farmland

作　　者：李晓莎[1,2] 岳善超[2] 李世清[1,2] 刘建粲 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第4期1-9,53,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41401343);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2452015093;2452015473)

摘　　要：为了研究覆膜与氮肥用量对雨养春玉米农田CH_4吸收的影响,在覆膜(FM)与不覆膜(BP)条件下分别设置了0、100、250、400 kg·hm^(-2)4个氮肥水平,共8个处理,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对农田CH_4的吸收通量进行连续观测,同时观测影响通量变化的温度、水分以及硝铵态氮等环境因子。结果表明:旱作春玉米农田是甲烷的汇,休闲期的累积吸收量占年总吸收量48%~60%,在年总吸收量中占了不可忽视的一部分;FM0、FM100、FM250、FM400和BP0、BP100、BP250、BP400在2014—2015年的年总吸收量分别为0.99、1.38、1.3、1.37 CH_4-C kg·hm^(-2)和1.43、1.77、1.68、1.56 CH_4-C kg·hm^(-2),地膜覆盖和施氮量的增加均未显著改变雨养春玉米农田对CH_4的吸收量;雨养春玉米农田土壤CH_4的吸收速率与0、10 cm土层土壤温度呈极显著正相关,与土壤孔隙含水量(WFPS)、NH4+-N之间呈极显著负相关,不覆膜条件下与NO3--N之间呈负相关关系,且达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。Understanding the response of CH4 absorption to film mulching and nitrogen fertilizer is of value for im-proving management practices. We monitored the CH4 absorption from plastic film - mulched and no-mulched maize fields that received different N application rates （0, 100, 250 kg·hm^-2 and 400 kg·hm^-2） using the static chamber tech-nique. In addition, the impact factors （soil inorganic nitrogen, soil temperature and moisture, etc. ） were estimated. The results showed that the rain-fed maize fields acted as a sink for CH4, and 4 8 % -6 0 % of the annual uptake was dur-ing the fallow period. The annual CH4 uptake rate was 0.99, 1.38, 1.3, 1.37, 1.43, 1.77, 1.68, 1.56 CH4 - C kg·hm^-2for FM0, FM100, FM250, FM400, BP0, BP100, BP250 and BP400 treatment in 2014-2015, respectively. Both film mulching and N fertilizer did not increase the CH4 uptake. The soil CH4 uptake was positively correlated with 0 cm and 10 cm soil temperature, but negatively correlated with soil WFPS and soil NH4 ＋ - N concentration. The CH4 up-take was negatively correlated with soil NO3 - - N concentration under no-mulched treatments.

关 键 词：覆膜 氮肥 CH4 雨养 春玉米农田 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学] S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]