水肥供应对温室滴灌施肥番茄生长及水氮利用的影响  

Effects of irrigation and fertilization on growth,water and nitrogen use of tomato in greenhouse under fertigation

作　　者：张燕 张富仓[2] 强生才[1,2] 李志军 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学城乡建设学院,山西太谷030801 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第4期103-109,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家"十二五"863计划课题(2011AA100504);山西农业大学青年科技创新基金(J141602002)

摘　　要：利用温室小区试验,以番茄"惠玉0806"为供试品种,研究了不同水肥供应对温室滴灌施肥番茄的生长、产量及水氮利用的影响。试验设3个灌水水平:高水I1(100%ET0)、中水I2(75%ET0)和低水I3(50%ET0);以及3个施肥水平:高肥F1(N 480 kg·hm^(-2)、P_2O_5240 kg·hm^(-2)、K_2O 300 kg·hm^(-2)),中肥F2(N 360 kg·hm^(-2)、P_2O_5180 kg·hm^(-2)、K_2O 225 kg·hm^(-2))和低肥F3(N 240 kg·hm^(-2)、P_2O_5120 kg·hm^(-2)、K_2O 150 kg·hm^(-2)),共9个处理。结果表明:当水肥供应模式为I2F2时,茎粗增长量、产量、干物质累积量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均最高,其值依次为10.3 mm、102 042.3 kg·hm^(-2)、37 192.3 kg·hm^(-2)、352.8 kg·mm-1·hm^(-2)和372.6 kg·mm-1,并进一步提高了其氮肥偏生产力(133.4 kg·kg^(-1)),同时使得其成熟期0~50 cm土层残留硝态氮含量较低(105.3 mg·kg^(-1))。灌水量低的处理(I3)产量降低的同时,增加了土层残留硝态氮含量;充分灌水(I1)处理较之于I2处理主要降低了水分利用率,而土壤残留硝态氮累积量无差异。从总体变化趋势看,中水中肥(I2F2)模式在高产高效的同时,可降低土壤残留硝态氮含量,可认为是基于本试验条件下较适宜的水肥组合。With the tomato variety 'Huiyu 0806'as test material,a greenhouse fertigation experiment was conducted to study the effects of irrigation and fertilization on tomato growth,yield,water-nitrogen use efficiency. The experiment was designed with three irrigation water amount levels by 100% ET0( I1),75% ET0( I2) and 50% ET0( I3),with three fertilizer levels by F1( N 480 kg·hm^(-2),P_2O_5240 kg·hm^(-2),K_2O 300 kg·hm^(-2)),F2( N 360 kg·hm^(-2),P_2O_5180 kg·hm^(-2),K_2O 225 kg·hm^(-2)) and F3( N 240 kg·hm^(-2),P_2O_5120 kg·hm^(-2),K_2O 150 kg·hm^(-2)),and there were 9 treatments in total. Results showed that growth of stem diameter,yield,dry matter accumulation,water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were the highest under I2 and F2treatment combination,with values were 10. 3 mm,102 042. 3 kg·hm^(-2),37 192. 3 kg·hm^(-2),352. 8 kg·mm-1·hm^(-2)and 372. 6 kg·mm-1,respectively,with higher nitrogen fertilizer partial factor productivity of 133. 4 kg·kg^(-1)while lower nitrate residue of 105. 3 mg·kg^(-1)within the 0 ~ 50 cm soil layer at harvest. Low irrigation supply treatment( I3) reduced the yield,while sharply increased the nitrate nitrogen content in soil. Compared with I2 treatment,treatment of I1 decreased the water use efficiency,but no significant differences were observed between I1 and I2. Overall,we recommend I2F2 treatment for obtaining high crop yield water use efficiency,and low nitrate residue in soil.

关 键 词：番茄 产量 滴灌 施肥 水分利用效率 土壤残留硝态氮 肥料偏生产力 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]