不同肥料种类及其施肥水平对1年生桢楠幼苗光合生理及生长特性的影响  

Effect of different fertilizers and N levels on the photosynthetic physiology and growth of one-year-old Phoebe zhennan S.Lee seedlings

作　　者：罗杰[1] 陈洪 申玲 胡庭兴[1] 彭勇[1] 喻秀艳 陈玉凤[1] 杨珊珊[1] 胡红玲[1] LUO Jie CHEN Hong SHEN Ling HU Tingxing PENG Yong YU Xiuyan CHEN Yufeng YANG Shanshan HU Hongling(College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China Luzhou Forest Scientific Research Institute, Luzhou 646000, China Jinfo Mountain Monttoring Center for Sctentific Research in Nanchuan, Chongqing 408400, China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,成都611130 [2]泸州市林业科学研究所,泸州646000 [3]重庆市南川区金佛山科研监测中心,重庆408400

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2017年第5期826-836,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：四川省"十二五";"十三五"育种攻关项目(2011NZ0010;2016NZ0010);四川省教育厅重点项目(13ZA0248)资助~~

摘　　要：为了解1年生桢楠(Phoebe zhennan)幼苗的最佳施肥量以及施肥种类,同时也为桢楠的养分管理提供技术参考及理论依据,以1年桢楠实生苗为材料,采用盆栽试验,选用复合肥(Compound fertilizer,CF)、油枯(Oil cake,OC)和鸭粪(Duck manure,DM)3种肥料,依据年施氮(N)量(纯氮)设置7个水平,分别为0(N0)、150(N1)、300(N2)、450(N3)、600(N4)、750(N5)、900(N6)mg/株,于2014年6、8、10月分3次施入各处理营养袋中,测定桢楠苗在一年中的速生期(8月)和生长滞缓期(11月)叶片的光合生理和养分指标,探讨不同肥料种类及施氮水平对桢楠当年生幼苗生长及生理特性的影响.结果显示:(1)CF、OC及DM处理下的株高和地径总生长量分别在N3、N4、N5水平下达到最大值,且分别较N0高66.4%、225.4%、247.4%和85.2%、95.6%、148.3%.3种肥料中,施用DM对桢楠幼苗生长的促进作用最好,OC次之,CF最差;在各个施N水平中,450-750 mg/株对桢楠幼苗生长的促进效果较好;(2)施肥可以促进桢楠幼苗叶片N含量增加,其中CF与OC降低了其生长滞缓期叶片磷(P)含量,而DM显著地增加了叶片P含量;(3)施肥,特别是DM和OC,可以促进桢楠幼苗叶绿素合成,提高光合速率,有效地提高了幼苗在强光照、高CO2浓度环境下的光合能力,这与施肥后桢楠幼苗叶片内有着较好的N/P值有关;(4)3种肥料均能不同程度地促进桢楠幼苗的苗高和地径,结合年施N量与当年生长末期的苗高、地径的二次函数拟合结果得出,CF、OC、DM对桢楠幼苗的最佳施N量范围分别为405-446、478-652、607-883 mg/株.总的来说,本研究中施N量607-883 mg/株的DM是最优施肥方案.This study aimed to explore optimal fertilizer type and application amount for one-year-old Phoebe zhennan seedlings to provide a theoretical basis and reference for nutrient management. A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, and one-year-old P. zhennan seedlings were grown in sandy loam soil treated with a compound fertilizer （CF）, oil cakes （OC）, or duck manure （DM） at addition levels of 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 mg/plant per year （with pure nitrogen as the standard）, denoted as N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, and N6, respectively. One-third of the total application amount of each fertilizer was applied to the soil in mid-June, mid-August, and mid-October 2014. The results showed that （1） maximum total height and basal diameter occurred at the N3 level for CF, at N4 for OC, and at N5 for DM. Total height and basal diameter growth at the three levels for corresponding fertilizer were significantly increased by 66.4%, 225.4%, 247.4% and 85.2%, 95.6%, 148.3% respectively, as compared to N0. Application of DM had the greatest effect on the growth of P. zhennan seedlings, and CF had the least. Application of 450–750 mg/plant stimulated P. zhennan seedling growth the most among the six N levels. （2） Fertilization increased leaf N content in all three fertilizer treatments, and application of CF and OC decreased leaf P content, whereas leaf P content in plants under the DM treatment significantly increased. （3） Fertilization promoted chlorophyll synthesis, which enhanced the net photosynthetic rate of P. zhennan seedlings, with DM and OC being more effective. It accompanied with better photosynthetic capacity of P. zhennan under an environment of strong light and high CO2 concentration, which was possibly related to a better N/P ratio in the leaves. （4） Application of all three types of fertilizer could increase height and basal diameter in seedlings, with combination the fitting results of annual N rate-height growth and basal diameter during the last growth stage, and it

关 键 词：施肥 桢楠 幼苗 光合生理 生长特性 

分 类 号：S792.24[农业科学—林木遗传育种]