矿区周边农田冬种蚕豆、油菜对土壤性质的影响及作物镉铅累积特征  

Effects of cultivation of faba bean and rape in winter on partial properties of soil in farmlands surrounding mining area and characteristics of cadmium and lead accumulation in crops

作　　者：李明锐[1] 钟伟 杨志新[1] 李元[1] 祖艳群[1] 湛方栋[1] LI Mingrui ZHONG Wei YANG Zhixin LI Yuan ZU Yanqun ZHAN Fangdong(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Furman Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2017年第5期845-850,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41461093)资助~~

摘　　要：蚕豆和油菜是云南铅锌矿周边农田主要的冬季作物.通过大田试验,以空闲地为对照,研究冬种蚕豆和油菜对土壤速效养分含量、微生物数量与酶活性的影响及其镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)累积特征,结果表明:(1)与冬季空闲地相比,种植蚕豆显著增加四月农田土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,分别增加1.8倍、30.08%和72.5%;种植油菜显著增加二月和四月农田土壤速效钾的含量,增幅为9.2%和106.5%.(2)种植蚕豆和油菜均显著增加二月和四月土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量,以及四月农田土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,且种植蚕豆土壤微生物数量增长大于种植油菜.(3)蚕豆主要在根部累积Cd和Pb,含量分别为11.7和107.6 mg/kg;油菜主要在根和茎叶累积Cd和Pb.(4)土壤细菌和放线菌数量、土壤脲酶活性与速效养分含量间呈显著或极显著正相关,土壤细菌数量与脲酶活性间呈极显著正相关.可见,冬季种植蚕豆和油菜显著改变铅锌矿周边Cd、Pb污染农田土壤的化学与生物学性质,并存在农作物Cd、Pb含量偏高的环境风险.The farmlands surrounding a lead/zinc mine in Yunnan Province have been polluted by heavy metals. Faba bean and rape are the major winter crops cultivated in the lead/zinc mining area. This study was aimed at analyzing the effects of crop cultivation on soil properties, and comprehensively understanding the environmental effects of agricultural production in the heavy metal-polluted area. In a field experiment with vacant land as the control, the effects of the cultivation of faba bean and rape in winter on the levels of available soil nutrients, microbial numbers, enzyme activities, and characteristics of Cd and Pb accumulation in the two plants were studied. Faba bean cultivation significantly increased the levels of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil in April by 1.8 times, 30.08%, and 72.5%, respectively. Rape cultivation significantly increased available potassium level in the soil in February and April by 9.2% and 106.5%, respectively. The cultivation of both faba bean and rape significantly increased the numbers of soil bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in February and April and activities of soil urease and catalase in April; further, the increase in the numbers of soil microorganisms through faba bean cultivation was higher than that through rape cultivation. Faba bean and rape accumulated certain levels of Cd and Pb. The main organ accumulating Cd and Pb was the root in faba bean, and their levels were 11.7 and 107.6 mg/kg, respectively. Rape mainly accumulated Cd and Pb in the roots, stems, and leaves. There were significant or highly significant, positive relationships between the numbers of soil microorganisms and urease activity and the levels of available soil nutrients; there was a highly significant, positive relationship between the soil bacterial number and urease activity. Crop cultivation notably changed the chemical and biological properties of the Cd- and Pb-polluted soil in the farmlands surrounding the lead/zinc mine; however, there wer

关 键 词：冬种作物 土壤养分 微生物数量 酶活性 CD含量 PB含量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] S643.6