氮肥追施时期对油菜产量、效益及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Topdressing Period on Yield,Benefit and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Rapeseed

作　　者：刘宝林[1] 邹小云[1,2] 宋来强[2] 官春云[1] LIU Bao-lin ZOU Xiao-yun SONG Lai-qiang GUAN Chun-yun(Oilseed Crop Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University / Hunan Branch, National Oil Crop Improvement Center, Changsha 410128, China Institute of Crop, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanehang 330200, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学油料作物研究所/国家油料作物改良中心湖南分中心,湖南长沙410128 [2]江西省农业科学院作物研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2017年第11期29-32,共4页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系(CARS-12);江西省杰出青年人才资助计划(20171BCB23082);江西省科技创新团队建设计划(20152BCB24013);江西省农业科学院博士启动项目(20162CBS009)

摘　　要：为推荐双季稻区油菜合理施肥时期,以中熟偏早油菜品种"赣油杂5号"为试验材料,于2010~2011年通过大田试验研究氮肥不同追施时期对油菜产量、效益及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:不同追施时期条件下,N_(150)处理下仅追施1次氮肥的平均株高要高于N_(180)处理下仅追施1次氮肥的平均株高,而N_(150)处理下追施2次氮肥的平均株高要低于N180处理下追施2次氮肥的平均株高;多次追施比一次性全部追施油菜籽粒含油量高。N_(150)水平下各处理籽粒产量之间的差异均未达显著水平。在N_(180)水平下,腊肥+薹肥追施时期处理与其他增施腊肥处理籽粒产量之间的差异未达显著水平外,与其他处理均达显著水平,腊肥+薹肥处理油菜籽粒产量最高,效益最好;苗肥+薹肥追施时期处理的氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮素吸收效率都最高。此外,双季稻区油菜生产第一次氮肥追施可适当延后。In order to provide a scientific nitrogen fertilizer topdressing period for rapeseed production in double-cropping rice area of southern China,the author carried out field experiments during 2010 ~ 2011 in Jiangxi province to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer topdressing periods on the yield,benefit and nitrogen absorption and utilization of early-middle-maturing rapeseed variety＂Ganyouza No. 5＂. The results showed that： under the condition of different topdressing periods,when nitrogen fertilizer was topdressed for one time,the average plant height of rapeseed in the treatment N_（150） was higher than that in the treatment N_（180）; while when nitrogen fertilizer was topdressed for two times,the average plant height of rapeseed in the treatment N_（150） was lower than that in the treatment N_（180）; nitrogen fertilizer topdressing for many times could obtain higher oil content in rapeseed than that for one time. At the level of N_（180）,the treatment of mid-December fertilizer plus stem-extending fertilizer obtained the highest oilseed yield and the best economic benefit,and the oilseed yield in this treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments（ except for the treatments of increasing the topdressing of mid-December fertilizer）. The nitrogen use efficiency,agronomic nitrogen use efficiency,and nitrogen uptake efficiency of rapeseed in the treatment of applying seedling fertilizer＋stemextending fertilizer were the highest. The first-time nitrogen fertilizer topdressing for rapeseed production could be appropriately postponed in double-cropping rice area.

关 键 词：油菜 追施时期 产量 效益 氮素吸收和利用 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]