林业生态经济发展多维度公共政策选择与测度  

Choices of public policies for forestry ecological economy development and the multi-dimensional measurements

作　　者：董玮[1] 田淑英[1] 刘浩[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学经济学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]国家林业局经济发展研究中心,北京100714

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年第11期149-158,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"促进林业生态经济发展的公共政策研究"(批准号:12BJY141)

摘　　要：本文基于2003—2013为期11年的跟踪调研,使用涵盖9个省份共1 497个样本农户的数据,多维度实证检验了中国林业公共政策对林业生态经济发展的政策效应,并测算了各项政策的贡献度。结果表明:(1)对于以个体农户林地面积为主要指标的林业生态效应,本文考察的公共政策都有显著的正向贡献,其贡献度大小依次是:产权政策35.53%,管制政策8.63%,财政政策8.21%。具体到细分措施,造林补贴主要针对生态林有最为显著的效果;而对于商品林,抚育补贴、集体林权改革、林木资源管制政策的效果更为明显。(2)对于林业生态经济协调发展,林业公共政策也具有明显的正向作用,不过各政策贡献度大小排序与其对生态效应不同:产权政策5.14%,财政政策0.83%,管制政策0.16%。细化来说,林地流转、林木采伐指标限额和造林补贴政策是效果最为显著的前三项。(3)不同省区由于所处区位差异、资源禀赋差异、环境水平和经济发展水平高低的差异,各项林业公共政策在各地区的贡献度也不尽相同。对于林业生态发展,产权政策贡献度最高的是山东省43.82%,财政政策贡献度最高的是辽宁省13.63%,管制政策贡献度最高的是福建省11.66%;而对于林业生态经济发展,福建省的产权政策贡献度最高,达到10.06%,财政政策和管制政策贡献度最高的均是湖南省,分别为1.8%和0.87%。本文的政策含义是,宜采用因地制宜方针设计各地区林业公共政策的优选方案,激发商品林的生态功能,培育生态林的经济功能。深化集体林权制度改革,实行造林补贴普惠制,增加抚育补贴中用材林的比例,创新采伐管理方式。Using the survey data of 1 497 households in 9 provincesfrom 2003 to 2013,this paper estimated the effects of public forestry policies on forestry ecological economic development and calculated their marginal contribution degree.The empirical study showed that（1）for the forestry ecological development,public forestry policies had significant positive contributions,and their respective contribution degrees were 35.53%（property rights reform）,8.63%（direct restraint） and 8.21%（fiscal policy）.In terms of individual measures,afforestation subsidy had the most significant effect for ecological forestry; as for the commercial forest,the policy effect of tending subsidies,collective forest rights reform and forest resource control was more obvious.（2）For the forestry ecological economy development,public policies also played a positive role,but their ranking of contribution degreewas slightly different,5.14%（property rights reform）,0.83%（fiscal policy）,and 0.16%（direct restraint）.In the detail,policies of land circulation,cutting quota and afforestation subsidy were the top 3 with positive effects.（3）The contribution of different public forestry policies in different regions was distinguished due to the differentiationon locations,resource endowments,environmental preservation and economic development.For forestry ecological development,the highest contribution of property rights regulation was in Shandong,which was 43.82%,the highest contribution rate of fiscal policy was in Liaoning,which was 13.63%,and the highest contribution of direct restraint was 11.66% in Fujian.For forestry ecological economic development,the highest contribution of property rights policywas in Fujian,reaching 10.06%,and the highest contributions of fiscal policy and direct restraint were both in Hunan,which were 1.8% and 0.87% respectively.Finally,it put forward following suggestions that optimal choices of public forestry policies should be decided according toregional conditions,on the purpose of stimulatin

关 键 词：林业生态经济 财政政策 产权政策 管制政策 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]