中国企业创新能力不足的核心原因与解决思路  

The Primary Reason and Solution for the Insufficiency of Innovation Capability in Chinese Enterprises

作　　者：陈彦斌[1] 刘哲希[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《学习与探索》2017年第10期115-124,共10页Study & Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"我国经济发展新常态下的货币政策研究"(15AZD004);国家自然科学基金面上项目"企业异质性与最优货币政策研究"(71373266)

摘　　要：近年来,中国对于创新的重视程度在不断提高,企业创新能力也取得了长足进步,但是基于《中国企业创新能力百千万排行榜(2017)》的分析表明,中国企业创新能力不足的问题依然突出,主要表现在创新能力分布高度不均衡、与世界先进水平差距较大、创新成果质量较低、研发投入强度还不够高等方面。究其原因,一是以往追求高增长的发展模式使企业更多致力于"短平快"的创新活动,而近几年的经济泡沫化趋势进一步降低了企业的创新意愿;二是要素市场扭曲与行政垄断削弱了企业的创新动力;三是以政府直接干预市场为核心特征的选择性产业政策扭曲了企业的创新行为,一定程度上造成了企业创新成果质量较低的局面;四是知识产权保护力度不足抑制了企业的创新活动;五是中国传统文化对创新精神的重视程度不够,创新型人才较为缺乏,从而制约了企业创新能力的提升。因此,要有效提升中国企业的创新能力,需要消除经济发展模式、经济体制、产业政策、法律制度以及文化环境等方面阻碍企业创新的因素。Over these years,China has attached more and more importance to the innovation,and has made considerable progress.However,according to the analysis showed in'the rank list of Chinese enterprises’innovation capacity',the insufficiency of innovation capacity in Chinese enterprises is still a serious problem,which is manly manifested in the highly uneven distribution of innovation capacity,the huge gap with the advanced world level,the poor quality of innovations,and a deficiency in R&D investment.The cause lies in the following five aspects:first,under the former development pattern which pursues rapid growth,the firms are more committed to the'short,simple and fast'innovation activities.Besides,in recent years,the economic bubble further reduces the enterprise’s willingness to innovate.Second,the distortions in the factor market and administrative monopoly have impeded the enterprise’s innovation.Third,the selective industrial policy with the government’s direct intervention being the core feature has distorted the enterprise’s innovative behavior.Fourth,the lack of intellectual property protection is a curb on the enterprise’s innovation activities.Fifth,the traditional Chinese culture doesn’t take the spirit of innovation seriously enough,which leads to the lack of innovative talents,thus restricting the upgrading of enterprise innovation.Therefore,to effectively enhance the innovation capacity of Chinese enterprises,we need to clear the factors hindering the enterprise innovation that lies in the economic development pattern,economic system,industrial policy,legal system and cultural environment.

关 键 词：中国企业 创新能力 专利 产业政策 市场化改革 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]