贫困与反贫困的理论变迁和实践经验——一个制度经济学视角的研究  

Theoretical Changes and Practical Experience of Poverty and Anti-poverty:A Study from the Perspective of Institutional Economics

作　　者：黄渊基 

机构地区：[1]湖南科技学院旅游与文化产业学院,湖南永州425100 [2]湖南省社科联科研组织处,湖南长沙410003

出　　处：《云梦学刊》2017年第6期45-56,共12页Journal of Yunmeng

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金西部项目(16YBX029);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(14C0548)(17C1088);湖南省情与决策咨询研究课题(2015ZZ089);湖南省社科评审委项目(XSPYBZZ065);2016年"湖湘青年英才"支持计划

摘　　要：贫困与发展是经济学不能绕开的话题,经济学史上关于贫困和反贫困有多维理论框架和战略模型,从不同角度阐述了贫困成因和反贫困路径,但较少涉及制度问题。贫困文化论、社会排斥和权利剥夺等观点开始把研究视角带入文化、能力等"非正式制度"上,而空想社会主义者和马克思主义经典作家们早就关注无产阶级贫困的制度根源并由此展开了对资本主义制度的批判,提出制度变革的主张。冈纳·缪尔达尔及以后的制度学派逐渐强调制度之于贫困与反贫困的重要性。世界各国、世界银行特别是中国对于贫困与反贫困的理论研究和实践探索,印证存在制度性贫困,同样可以通过制度创新反贫困。良好的制度变迁和制度创新是反贫困取得成功的关键。正如诺斯所言"制度决定经济绩效",我们同样可以断言:反贫困制度决定减贫绩效。Poverty and development can not be bypassed by economics. In the history of economics, there are multidimensional theory framework and strategic models about poverty and anti-poverty which explain the cause of poverty and anti-poverty paths from different angles but seldom involve with the institutional problems. The viewpoints about poverty culture, social rejection,right deprivation, etc begin to bring the research perspectives into informal institution, such as culture, ability, etc. However the utopian socialists and the classic Marxism writers have long concerned about the institutional origin of proletarian poverty. Then they begin the criticism on the capitalist system and put forward the proposition of institutional reform. karl Gunnar Myrdal and the later institution school gradually emphasize on the importance of institutions to poverty and anti-poverty. Theoretical studies and practical explorations of poverty and anti-poverty in the world and World Bank especially in China have testified the existence of institutional poverty. Good institutional changes and innovation are the key to success. As Nourse said ＂institutions decide economic performances＂, we can affirm that anti-poverty institutions decide the performance of poverty reduction.

关 键 词：贫困 反贫困 制度性贫困 制度变迁 

分 类 号：F328[经济管理—产业经济]