黄河流域主要灌区灌溉需水与干旱的关系研究  

Study on the Relationship Between Irrigation Water Requirement and Drought in the Main Irrigation Area of the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：彭少明[1,2] 王煜[1] 蒋桂芹[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司,河南郑州450003 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《人民黄河》2017年第11期5-10,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404404);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC10B02)

摘　　要：为定量研究灌区灌溉需水与气象干旱的关系、合理组织抗旱水源,以黄河流域1956—2010年水文、气象、地下水以及作物参数等资料为基础,选取RDI干旱评估指标系统评估了黄河流域上、中、下游5个主要灌区的历史干旱情况,采用作物水量平衡方程计算了灌区灌溉需水量;采用灰色关联和相关分析方法,研究了主要灌区气象干旱与灌溉需水的关联程度,并建立了灌区灌溉需水量与RDI的定量关系。结果表明:RDI干旱评估指标可用于黄河流域灌区的气象干旱评估;黄河流域上、中、下游主要灌区灌溉需水量与RDI存在显著的关联关系,随着降水量增加(作物可利用的有效降水量增加),灌区灌溉需水量与RDI的灰色关联度和相关系数不断增大;主要灌区灌溉需水量对RDI变化的响应程度不一,干旱程度每增加一个等级(RDI指数减小0.5),上游青铜峡灌区、内蒙古河套灌区灌溉需水量平均增加约1.04亿m^3,中游汾河灌区、渭河灌区需水量增加约2.19亿m^3,下游引黄灌区需水量增加约6.22亿m^3。In order to regulate water for drought resistance reasonably,it needs to study the relationship between irrigation water requirement and meteorological drought in a quantitative way. This paper chose five typical irrigation areas including Qingtongxia irrigation area,Yellow River irrigation area of Inner Mongolia in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,the Fenhe River irrigation area and the Weihe River irrigation area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the irrigation area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River as researched area. Based on the hydrology,meteorology,groundwater and crop parameters materials from 1956 to 2010 in the Yellow River basin,it selected Reconnaissance Drought Index( RDI) to analyze occurrence and evolution regularity of drought in the five typical irrigation areas and calculated the corresponding irrigation water requirement by using crop water balance equation. The relationship of drought and irrigation water requirement in each typical irrigation area was studied by using grey correlation analysis and relevant analysis method,and the quantitative relationship between irrigation water requirement and RDI was established in each typical irrigation area. The results show that the RDI can be applied to evaluate the meteorological drought in the typical irrigation areas of the Yellow River basin. There is significant correlation between the irrigation water requirement and RDI,and the grey correlation degree and correlation coefficient increases with increasing crops available effective rainfall. The irrigation water requirement of irrigation areas in the upstream,middle and downstream of the Yellow River basin presents different response degrees to drought. The irrigation water requirement increases 104 million m^3 with the drought increasing one grade( RDI decreasing 0.5) in the Qingtongxia irrigation area and Yellow River irrigation areas of Inner Mongolia. The irrigation water requirement increases219 million m^3 with the drought increasing one grade in the Fenhe River irri

关 键 词：气象干旱 灌溉需水 响应关系 RDI 黄河流域 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] S161[农业科学—农业工程]