湖南省农村社区人群犬伤危险因素研究  

Study on the risk factors of canine injury in rural community in Hunan Province

作　　者：余明东[1,2] 胡世雄 刘富强[3] 张斯钰[3] 邹霞丽[2] 毛玉芳 罗美玲 罗昊 

机构地区：[1]岳阳市疾病预防控制中心,湖南414000 [2]湖南省现场流行病学培训项目 [3]湖南省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2017年第11期1177-1181,1184,共6页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：湖南省卫生厅重点课题(A2011-006);湖南省现场流行病学培训项目(HUNFETP)(1608)

摘　　要：目的发现湖南省农村社区人群犬伤的主要危险因素;根据主要危险因素提出防控措施建议,做好狂犬病预防控制工作。方法采用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究设计方法,通过文献搜索和预试验制订问卷,对研究对象开展问卷调查。应用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究资料处理方法进行单因素分析,用条件logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果有效调查共1 406人,单因素分析发现"职业为散居儿童"等20个影响因素关联差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),经条件logistic回归分析:"经常看见圈养、拴住或有人看管的狗"(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.02~1.42)、"在自己家里经常看见狗"(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.02~1.48)、"经常看见疯狗或疑似疯狗"(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.01~1.71)、"经常看见自家养或熟悉的狗"(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.04~1.68)、"在亲友邻居家经常看见狗"(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.12~1.92)、"触碰家养或熟悉的狗尾巴、腿、屁股等部位"(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.21~1.72)为犬伤的危险因素,"看见陌生狗靠近时采取防卫措施"(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.34~0.68)、"看见陌生狗会分辨疯狗流浪狗"(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.67~0.92)和"防范陌生狗"(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.70~0.99)为犬伤的保护因素。结论犬伤与多种危险因素有关,降低犬密度、减少与犬接触机会和避免触碰狗的尾巴等敏感部位、防范和防卫陌生狗可减少犬伤风险;开展狂犬病健康教育,提高农村社区居民对疯狗和疑似疯狗的分辨能力和防范意识,及时采取防卫措施,可降低犬伤风险。Objective To find the main risk factors of canine injuries in rural communities in Hunan Province; the prevention and control measures of rabies is recommended according to the main risk factors. Methods Used the 1 ： 1 matching case - con- trol study design method to design the questionnaire investigation, the questionnaire was conducted through literature search and pre - test. A single factor analysis was performed using 1： 1 matching case control study data processing method, and multifactor analysis was performed with conditional logistic regression. Results The effective questionnaires were 1 406, the single factor a- nalysis found that ＂professional for scattered children＂ and other 19 factors had statistical significance （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, the results of conditional logistic regression analysis show that the ＂often see captive, chained or Unattended dog＂ （OR = 1.20, 95% CI： 1.02 - 1.42） , ＂often see dog in their own homes＂ （ OR = 1.23, 95% CI： 1.02 - 1.48 ） , ＂often see mad dog or suspected maddog＂ （0R=1.31, 95%CI： 1.01~1.71）, ＂often see own or familiar dog＂ （0R=1.33, 95%CI： 1.04-1.68）, ＂often see dog in the home of relatives and friends around the neighborhood＂ （OR = 1.47, 95% CI： 1.12 - 1.92）, ＂touch the parts such as the tail or the dog leg bottom of domestic or familiar dog＂ （ OR = 1.44, 95 % CI： 1.21 ~ 1.72） for dog injury risk factors; ＂See the unfamiliar dog close to take defensive measures＂ （OR = 0. 48, 95% CI： 0. 34 -0. 68 ）, ＂See the strange dog will go to distinguish the mad dog stray dogs＂ （ OR = 0.78, 95% CI： 0. 67 - 0.92 ） and ＂Guard against unfamiliar dogs＂ （ OR = 0. 83, 95 % CI： 0. 70 - 0. 99） for dog protection factors. Conclusion Dog injuries are associated with a variety of risk factors, reduce the density of dogs, reduce contact with dogs and avoid touching the tail of a dog, etc. To improve the ability of rural community residents to distinguish between mad dogs and suspected rabid dogs,

关 键 词：狂犬病 犬伤 危险因素 

分 类 号：R646[医药卫生—外科学]