漆酶可降解底物种类的研究进展  

Research Progress on Substrate Species Degraded by Laccase

作　　者：张泽雄 刘红艳[1] 邢贺 马钰 

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学化学与生物工程学院,桂林541004

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2017年第10期97-102,共6页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21467006)

摘　　要：漆酶是一种含铜离子的多酚氧化酶,广泛存在于植物及真菌中。漆酶含特有的铜离子,其功能为传递结构中的电子,使漆酶具有了较强的氧化还原能力,能与木质素、胺类化合物、芳香化合物等底物发生作用,且大多数反应的唯一产物为水。目前,漆酶在降解多种有毒物质和有害污染物方面表现出高效、成本较低的特性,如白腐真菌所产的高水平漆酶已广泛成熟应用在工业废水处理等生物整治和修复领域。近年来最新研究利用载体固定化酶的技术使漆酶能够在使用后回收反复利用且更具有稳定性,这降低成本的同时还保持了漆酶催化氧化的特性,克服了不少漆酶在解决环境污染中出现的问题。利用介体的介导作用解决了漆酶氧化还原电势较低的问题,大量增多了可降解底物的种类,使其在废水处理、污染物降解、土壤修复、工业染料漂白等领域的应用前景更广阔。对现有漆酶应用于各领域进行研究总结,综述了降解各领域中的有害污染物等底物种类,提出了利用漆酶的降解过程中的现有不足和改进方向,以期为生物法降解环境污染物的研究提供参考。Laccase,a polyphenol oxidase that binds multiple copper ions,is widely found in plants and fungi. Laccase contains uniquecopper ions which function is to transfer electrons in the structure,so that the laccase has a strong redox capacity,and the only product ofthe most reactions with lignin,amine compounds,aromatic compounds such as the role of the substrate is water. It has the characteristics ofhigh efficiency and low cost in the degradation of many toxic substances and harmful pollutants,such as white rot fungi produced by the highlevel of laccase has been widely used in industrial wastewater treatment and other biological remediation and repair areas. In recent years,thelastest research showed that the using of vector immobilized enzyme technology allows laccase to be recycled after use and reused and morestable,which reduces costs while maintains the characteristics of laccase catalytic oxidation,it has overcome the problems of laccases insolving environmental pollution,Under the mediating effect of mediator,the problem of low potential of laccase redox has been figured out,and it greatly increased more kinds of substrate. Therefore,the application prospects in wastewater,degradation,soil remediation,industrialbleaching and other fields will be much broader. This paper summarily describes the applications of laccase in various fields and the typesof harmful pollutions substrates,put forward the deficiency and the improving direction of existing degradation process of laccase aiming atproviding the reference for the study of biodegradation of environmental pollutants.

关 键 词：漆酶 底物 环境污染物 

分 类 号：Q814.9[生物学—生物工程] X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]