产聚谷氨酸菌株的筛选及菌株发酵液对玉米幼苗抗旱性的作用  

Screen of Poly-γ-gamma Glutamic Acid Producing Bacteria and Their Glutamic Acid Fermentation Broth's Function on the Drought Resistance of Maize

作　　者：贾艳萍[1] 殷爱鸣 孙艳梅 程首涛 王旭明[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北电力大学化学工程学院,吉林132012 [2]北京市农林科学院北京农业生物技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2017年第10期135-142,共8页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20161502-4)

摘　　要：聚谷氨酸(poly-γ-glutamic acid,γ-PGA)作为新型生物保水剂,具有重要的农业应用价值。从纳豆和豆豉样品中分离筛选到2株聚谷氨酸产生菌Y2与P1。经形态、生理生化特征以及16S r RNA序列分析,鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。研究分析聚谷氨酸产生菌发酵液对土壤持水性以及干旱胁迫下玉米抗旱能力的影响。结果表明,Y2和P1菌株发酵液对土壤水分蒸发有明显的减缓效果。与对照相比,施加聚谷氨酸发酵液土壤含水率提高近4%。同时增强玉米幼苗的抗旱性,显著提高了玉米幼苗地上部和地下部生物量。菌株P1的发酵液可使玉米幼苗的地上与地下生物量分别提高40.70%与19.59%。Biolog ECO结果显示,添加菌株Y2和P1的聚谷氨酸发酵液未显著影响土壤中常见微生物群落的代谢多样性和均度。本研究的聚谷氨酸发酵液是一种安全的生物保水剂,可扩大应用于田间生态系统,以增强土壤保水性及植被的抗旱能力。As a novel biological water absorbent,poly-γ-gamma glutamic acid（γ-PGA）has a significant application value on watersaving agricultural production. Two γ-PGA-producing strains,Y2 and P1,were isolated and screened from natto and fermented soya beansamples. By analyzing their morphological and physic-chemical characters,and 16 S r RNA sequence,they were identified as Bacillus subtilis.Then,the effects of γ-PGA fermentation broth on the soil water-holding capacity and the drought resistance of maize seedling under water stresswere also studied. The results showed that the fermentation broth of Y2 and P1 significantly decreased the soil water evaporation. Comparedwith the control treatment,adding fermentation broth from γ-PGA-producing strain promoted the soil water content by 4%. At the same time,the addition of γ-PGA fermentation broth enhanced the drought resistance of maize seedlings,and significantly increased aboveground andunderground biomass of maize seedlings by 40.70% and 19.59%,respectively. The result of biolog ECO showed that the γ-PGA fermentationbroth from Y2 and P1 had insignificant effect on microbial diversity and evenness. Thus,the γ-PGA fermentation broth is an environmentalfriendly biological water absorbent,which can be used directly to enhance soil water retention and drought resistance of vegetation in field.

关 键 词：聚谷氨酸 抗旱 干旱胁迫 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S482.99[农业科学—农药学] S513[农业科学—植物保护]