山东省多年降雨侵蚀力及其增长率变化分析  

Variations analysis of multi-years rainfall erosivity and erosivity growth rate in Shandong Province

作　　者：冯若昂 刘加珍[1] 陈永金[1] 何振芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]聊城大学环境与规划学院,山东聊城252059

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2017年第5期83-92,共10页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40901276);山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励项目(2011BSB01256);中国博士后基金(2012M512058)~~

摘　　要：收集了山东省23个气象站50年的日雨量资料,结合侵蚀力理论和GIS空间分析方法,分析了山东省各雨量级降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征和降雨侵蚀力增长率空间差异的原因。结果表明:山东省降雨侵蚀力和降雨量的空间分布相一致,呈现自东南向西北减少的趋势;年平均和各雨量级降雨侵蚀力的变化表现为高值区降低,低值区增加的规律;全省降雨量和降雨侵蚀力的年际变化分别为减少(-0.03 mm/a)和增加(9.00 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a));暴雨和大雨是山东省降雨侵蚀力的主要来源,而大暴雨侵蚀力增大是多年来降雨侵蚀力呈现增长趋势的原因;ENSO冷暖事件、地形、局部强对流天气和夏秋季东南季风减弱会导致山东省降雨侵蚀力增长率的空间差异。Based on the data of daily rainfall collected from 23 meteorological stations in Shandong Province in the past 50 years,combined with erosivity theory and GIS spatial analysis method,the reasons of tempo-spatial variation characteristic in rainfall and rainfall erosivity growth rate are studied. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity is in accordance with that of rainfall,and there is a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest. Variations in erosivity of average annual rainfall and different levels rainfall show an obvious characteristic which is decreasing in high value region and increasing in low value region. Temporarily,annual rainfall of Shandong Province decreased（-0. 03 mm/a） along with the increase of erosivity（9. 00 MJ·mm/（ hm2·h·a））.Heavy rain and rainstorm is the primary source of rainfall erosivity in Shandong Province. Especially,the heavy rainstorm is the most important reason of the increase of rainfall erosivity during the past 50 years. Furthermore,ENSO warm and cold events,terrain,local severe convective weather and the weaking of southeast monsoon in summer and autumn are the reasons of spatial variation of rainfall erosivity increasing rate in Shandong Province.

关 键 词：降雨 降雨侵蚀力 山东省 时空变化 GIS 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]