欧洲煤钢联营经验对南海共同开发的启示  

The European Coal and Steel Community and the Enlightenment to Joint Development in the South China Sea

作　　者：祁怀高 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学,上海200433

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2017年第10期60-73,共14页Pacific Journal

基　　金：中国外交部政策规划司课题"欧洲煤钢联营经验对南海共同开发的启示"(2016年4-5月)成果

摘　　要：二战结束以后西欧六国开展的"欧洲煤钢联营"能够给南海共同开发提供有价值的启示。欧洲煤钢联营有四个方面的重要经验:设立了超国家机构"欧洲煤钢共同体高级机构";采取渐进的功能主义方式,方法上具有创新性;大国合作和领导,同时兼顾平等和小国利益;政治精英发挥了政治智慧。"欧洲煤钢联营"与南海共同开发虽然所处时代不同,但都存在调适"领土主权争议"与"资源共同开发"的路径选择问题。欧洲煤钢联营对南海共同开发的政策启示包括:南海资源双边开发协定与多边开发机制并行推进;把石油和天然气资源作为共同开发的重点领域;未来可设立"超国家"色彩的"南海共同开发管理机构";着眼远大的政治经济目标和未来的东亚一体化。如果南海沿岸国能成功开展共同开发,这将促进南海地区的和平稳定和繁荣发展。The European Coal and Steel Community（ECSC）, launched by Belgium, France, West Germany,Italy, the Netherlands and Luxembourg after World War II. can provide enlightenment to joint development in the South China Sea（SCS）. The enlightenment of the ECSC could be interpreted as follows： first,the ECSC set up a High Authority with supranational character; second, the ECSC made innovation in the method of gradual functionalism; third, France and West Germany played the leadership role during the establishment process of the ECSC, at the same time, the ECSC also took account of equity and the interests of small countries; fourth, the political elites, such as Jean Monnet, Robert Schuman and Konrad Adenauer, demonstrated political wisdom. Although the ECSC and joint development in the SCS are in different historical background, they both face the compromise challenge of the path selections between sovereignty disputes and joint development of resources. The ECSC＇s policies implications to the joint development in the SCS include： Firstly, the bilateral joint development agreement can proceed in parallel with multilateral joint development arrangement in the SCS; Secondly, the joint development among the SCS coastal states could focus on the oil and gas resources; Thirdly, the SCS coastal states could set up a joint development management authority with supranational character, namely, the South China Sea Authority（SCSA）; Lastly,the joint development in the SCS should contribute to the ambitious political and economic goals and the East Asian integration in the future. If the SCS coastal states can successfully carry out joint development,which will promote peace, stability, prosperity and development in the SCS.

关 键 词：欧洲煤钢联营 南海共同开发 南海共同开发管理机构 功能主义 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济]