从给予句S_2、S_3的选择看汉语语法地域类型差异  

Typology of geographical differences in Chinese grammar:A case study of GIVE-constructions S_2 and S_3

作　　者：李炜[1] 石佩璇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学中文系 [2]星海音乐学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2017年第6期662-669,共8页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"海外珍藏汉语文献与南方明清汉语研究"(项目号:12&ZD178);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目"海外珍藏汉语文献与清代官话语法研究"(项目号:GD13CZW15)的资助

摘　　要：清中叶以来的官话文献对含"给"字的给予句S_2、S_3有不同选择。以琉球官话课本为代表的南部官话文献一直用S_2,不用S_3;清晚期以来的北京官话文献多使用S_3,原占优势的S_2迅速萎缩,直至消失;西南官话文献的S_2、S_3出现频率相近。对相关方言和来自不同地区的普通话使用者的调查结果也反映了大致相同的地域分布特征。因此,从对给予句S_2、S_3的选择看,汉语官话和相关方言在语法层面至少存在南部、北部和中部三种类型。The distinction between GIVE-constructions S_2( the dative phrase following the main verb) and S_3( the dative phrase preceding the main verb) is of typological significance in the Mandarin found in literature dating from mid-Qing times: S_2 prevails in the Southern Mandarin literature such as Qing Ryukyu Mandarin textbooks while Beijing Mandarin literature from late-Qing times mainly employs S_3 instead of S_2. Both S_2 and S_3 are employed in the Southwestern Mandarin literature. Fieldworks on Putonghua and related dialects reflect much the same geographical distribution. This paper argues that Mandarin and related dialects can be divided into at least three types with respect to the usage of GIVE-constructions, namely, the southern type, the northern type and the central type.

关 键 词：给予句 S2S3 地域类型 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]