英语母语者习得汉语有定性表达手段的研究  

Acquisition of Mandarin Definiteness Devices by Native Speakers of English

作　　者：吴庄[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市白云大道北2号广东外语外贸大学英文学院,510420

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2017年第6期20-30,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“汉语儿童语言中的句法语用接口研究”(13CYY024)部分成果

摘　　要：采用诱导产出和语法判断任务对34名母语为英语的中、高级汉语学习者的研究表明,他们虽然掌握了指量名、代名词等词汇形式及其有定特征,却较少使用光杆名词、空代词、量名等形式,并存在用"一"量名指称有定事物的偏误。此外,他们没有掌握汉语主语表达有定的倾向。有定性表达既与名词成分的结构和位置等句法知识有关,又涉及说话人对听话人背景知识的预设以及话语语境等语用信息,处于句法—语用接口。本研究证实了接口假说有关句法—语用接口知识难以被完全习得的观点。该类知识不仅比纯句法知识和内部接口更容易发生母语迁移,也对语言加工造成更多认知负担,有必要通过明晰化的教学促进其习得。Using elicited production and grammaticality judgment tasks, this study investigates 34 English speakers＇ acquisition of definiteness devices in their L2 Chinese. The results show that, although L2 learners have mastered the lexical forms of demonstrative classifier noun, pronoun and their ＂- definite＂ feature, they use significantly less tokens of bare noun, Pro and classifier-noun than the natives, and they erroneously use one classifier noun to denote definite entities. Furthermore, L2 learners are aware of the Definiteness Effect of the existential construction, yet they have not acquired the Subject Definiteness Constraint of Chinese, using more indefinite expressions as one-classifier-noun in the subject position than the natives. The expression of definiteness, being related to the structure and the syntactic position of nominals on the one hand, and the speaker＇s presupposition about the listener＇s knowledge and discourse context on the other, is at the syntax-pragmatics in terrace. The results of the present study confirm the Interface Hypothesis, which states the features of syntax-pragmaties are difficult to be completely acquired. L1 transfer is easier to occur at the syntax pragmatics interface than in the narrow syntax or at internal interfaces, and is more cognitively demanding for processing. Therefore, explicit instruction in this knowledge is necessary for L2 acquisition.

关 键 词：汉语名词成分 有定性 英语母语者 句法语用接口 接口假说 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]