利用有机废水中硫酸盐厌氧脱除其中氨态氮及相关机理研究  

Study on the removal of ammonia nitrogen with sulfate from organic wastewater by anaerobic fermentation and its mechanism

作　　者：袁林江 赵嘉琪[3] 罗大成 李鑫曜 王洋 严锋[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省环境重点实验室,陕西西安710055 [2]西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710055 [3]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《西安建筑科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第5期714-721,共8页Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07212-002)

摘　　要：针对有机废水中硫酸盐及氨态氮的同步脱除现象,采用了ASBR及UASB两种试验装置进行机理分析,并使用分子生物学技术对微生物种群结构进行探究.结果表明,从启动ASBR反应器历时100d左右、UASB反应器历时约80d均成功实现了硫酸盐和氨态氮的厌氧同步脱除.进水COD为2 000mg/L、氨氮及SO_4^(2-)-S浓度分别为20mg/L及50 mg/L,ASBR对氨氮及SO_4^(2-)-S的去除效率均在70%以上;UASB对两者的去除效率分别达90%和50%以上;反应所需最适pH为4.52~5.96.污泥中的细菌多为硫酸盐还原功能的短杆菌和弧菌,未发现明确指向的硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌.通过化学计量分析,表明去除的部分SO_4^(2-)通过异养硫酸盐还原转化为S^(2-),另一部分硫酸盐和氨态氮(SO_4^(2-)-S与NH_4^+-N之比接近1∶2)通过硫酸盐厌氧氨氧化转化为硫单质和氮气,单质硫存在于污泥中.在ASBR反应器中硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化和硫酸盐还原反应对硫酸盐的转化比例约为0.9∶1,而UASB反应器中的比例则约为1.6∶1.说明反应器中硫酸盐还原反应和硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化反应之间似乎并不关联.本研究为实现生活污水直接厌氧氨氧化奠定了基础.To explore sulfate and ammonia nitrogen removal phenomenon of synchronization in organic wastewater,an ASBR and a UASB are used in repetitive experiments,and the microbial population structure was investigated by using molecular biology technology.The results show that after 100 days′operation from startup of the ASBR and 80 days′operation from startup of the USAB with high concentration of COD and low pH value,both the ASBR and the UASB successfully accomplished sulfate reducing anaerobic ammonium oxidation.While the concentration of ammonium nitrogen and sulfate of the influent were 20 mg/L and 50 mg/L,the removal of ammonium nitrogen and sulfate by the ASBR were both 70% and for the UASB,they were 90% and 50%.The optimum pH value was 4.52~5.96.Microorganisms in the sludge were mostly of rod and curved-rod shape.The dominant bacteria were identified as sulfate reducing bacteria in both reactors while no sulfate reducing anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria were found.Parts of the removed sulfate were transformed to sulfide.The ratio of the rest part of sulfate and removed ammonia nitrogen was 1∶2,and the sulfate removed were transformed to sulfur and found in the sludge.In the ASBR reactor,the ratio of the sulfate removed from sulfate reducing anaerobic ammonium oxidation and sulfate reduction was 0.9∶1,while in the UASB reactor the ratio was 1.6∶1,which is considered to have no relevance founded between the two reactions.This research has laid foundation for the realization of the direct anaerobic ammonium oxidation of domestic sewage.

关 键 词：生物脱氮 硫酸盐还原 硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化 ASBR UASB 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]