温州鳌江流域表层底泥及河岸土壤重金属空间分布与生态风险评价  

Spatial distributions and ecological risks of heavy metals in surface sediments and riparian soils of the Aojiang River Basin, Wenzhou

作　　者：金文奖 侯平[1] 张伟[1] 梁立成 俞飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2017年第6期963-971,共9页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LQ17C160004)

摘　　要：为揭示温州鳌江流域重金属污染情况,分别采集该河流的表层底泥与河岸土壤,合计31组,共62个样品。样品经处理后使用光谱仪X-MET 7000测量重金属质量分数,使用土壤背景值、差异性分析、相关性分析和潜在生态评价法分析其中的重金属铬、铜、锌、镍和铅质量分数空间分布及潜在生态风险。结果表明:(1)从整体上看,除铅外,河岸土壤与表层底泥中的其他4种重金属质量分数均显著高于温州市土壤重金属背景值(P<0.05),呈现富集现象;底泥与土壤中铬、铜、锌和铅的质量分数差异不显著(P>0.05),海口涌潮河水回流是主要原因,而底泥中镍质量分数显著高于岸边土壤(P<0.05)。(2)相关性分析表明,表层底泥与河岸土壤中铬、铜、锌之间均存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),表层底泥中铜和镍存在显著相关(P<0.05),污染主要来源于制革印染和电镀业;铅和其他元素无显著性相关(P>0.05)。(3)元素质量分数空间分布分析表明,在生活垃圾堆放、工业废水排放等人为干扰严重河段底泥和土壤的重金属富集程度较高;流域的5种重金属的单因子潜在生态风险与流域整体的综合潜在生态危害分别低于40与150,均属轻微污染。应加强流域周边的产业管理。To reveal heavy metal pollution of the Aojiang River Basin in Wenzhou, surface sediment and riparian soil were acquired from the river totaling 62 samples in 31 groups. Heavy metal content of chromium（Cr）,copper（Cu）, zinc（Zn）, nickel（Ni）, and lead（Pb） were measured with a handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer（X-MET 7000）. Soil background values, variance analysis, correlation analysis, and evaluation methods for potential ecological problems were used to analyze spatial distribution and potential ecological risks of heavy metals. Results showed that 1） in general, the contents of four metals other than Pb in the riparian soil and surface sediment were significantly higher than background values of heavy metals in the soil of the Wenzhou Region（P〈0.05） representing an enrichment phenomenon. Also, content of Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the sediment and soil had no significant differences（P〉0.05）, mainly because of the tidal water reflux at the seaport, but Ni content of sediment was significantly higher than riparian soil（P〈0.05）. 2） The correlation analysis showed highly significant, positive correlations for Cr—Cu（rsurface sediments= 0.666, rriparian soils=0.841, P〈0.01）,Cu—Zn（rsurface sediments= 0.781, rriparian soils=0.688, P〈0.01） and Cu—Zn（rsurface sediments= 0.831, rriparian soils=0.800, P〈0.01） between surface sediments and riparian soils and significant correlations（rsurface sediments= 0.433, P〈0.05）between Cu and Ni in surface sediments. However, Pb was not significantly correlated to the other elements（P 〉0.05）. 3） The spatial distribution analysis of elemental contents showed a highly enrichment degree of heavy metals in the sediment and soil along the river reaches. In this river basin the potential single-factor ecological risks（Eri） of these five heavy metals was below 40 and the comprehensive potential ecological hazards（IR） was below 150. There was slight pollution from tanning, printing, and electroplating ind

关 键 词：生态学 表层底泥 河岸土壤 重金属 生态风险 鳌江流域 

分 类 号：S7-05[农业科学—林学] X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]