中国亚热带地区2005～2014年秸秆露天燃烧排放污染物  

Pollutants emission from crop straw field burning in subtropical region of China during 2005～2014

作　　者：杨夏捷 鞠园华 靳全锋 田超[1,2] 蔡奇均 郭福涛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学海峡两岸红壤区水土保持协同创新中心,福建福州350002

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第11期4052-4061,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31400552);福建农林大学杰出青年基金项目(XJQ201613);福建农林大学国际科技合作与交流项目(KXB16008A)

摘　　要：通过室内模拟试验,测量中国亚热带地区水稻、小麦、豆类、油菜、玉米和棉花中CO、CO_2、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM_(2.5)的排放因子,并基于统计年鉴计算出的研究区域农作物秸秆产量和露天燃烧量,对亚热带地区8个省分2005-2014年间秸秆露天燃烧各类污染物的排放总量进行估算,并分析其时空变化趋势.结果表明,农作物秸秆燃烧时CO、CO_2、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM_(2.5)的平均排放因子分别为159.55,1234.96,1.88,31.27,7.62g/kg.其中,各污染物平均排放因子最高的农作物依次是棉花(172.40g/kg)、豆类(1348.77g/kg)、油菜(4.08g/kg)、水稻(66.78g/kg)和豆类(10.15g/kg).2005-2014年,我国亚热带地区农作物秸秆产量和露天燃烧总量分别为1221.281Mt和261.729Mt;CO、CO_2、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM_(2.5)的排放量分别为40890.56,324104.01,370.79,1429.36,1835.94kt.其中,水稻秸秆燃烧所排放NO_x占研究区域总排放量的60%左右,对其余污染物的贡献率均在75%以上;小麦和棉花对各类污染物的贡献程度均不足5%.此外,各污染物排放在时间和空间上的变化存在差异.浙江、福建和贵州污染物排放呈下降趋势,广东、广西、云南、湖南和江西呈上升趋势.The emission factors of CO, CO_2, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_(2.5) in rice, wheat, beans, rape, maize and cotton were measured by indoor simulation experiment. In addition, the crop straw yield and the amount of field combustion were calculated, based on the statistical yearbook, in order to estimate total emissions of various types of pollutants from open burning of straw in eight provinces of subtropical China during 2005~2014, and temporal and spatial trends were analyzed. The results showed that the average emission factors of CO, CO_2, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_(2.5) from combustion of crop straw were 159.55, 1234.96, 1.88, 31.27 and 7.62 g/kg, respectively. The highest average emission factor of each pollutant was for cotton(172.40 g/kg), beans(1348.77 g/kg), rape(4.08 g/kg), rice(66.78 g/kg) and beans(10.15 g/kg). The output of crop straw and the total amount of field combustion in subtropical areas of China were 1221.281 Mt and 261.729 Mt, respectively during the study period. Emissions of CO, CO_2, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_(2.5) were 40890.56, 324104.01, 370.79, 14329.36 and 1835.94 kt, respectively. The emissions of NO_x and other pollutants from rice straw burning in the field accounted for more than 60% and 75% of the total emission in the study area. The emission contribution of wheat and cotton was less than 5% of the total emitted pollutants. There was also spatial variation in emission of different pollutants. The emission of pollutant exhibited a downward trend in Zhejiang, Fujian and Guizhou while rising trend was observed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Jiangxi.

关 键 词：室内模拟试验 污染物 排放因子 排放清单 细小颗粒物 亚热带地区 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]