龙葵提取物对不同作物幼苗的化感效应  

Allelopathic Effect of Solanum nigrum L. Extract on Different Crop Seedlings

作　　者：黄云霄 齐勇[1] 杨晓娜 胡安龙[1] HUANG Yun-xiao;QI Yong;YANG Xiao- na;HU An-long(College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Chin)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《杂草学报》2017年第2期40-45,共6页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:31101471);贵州大学博士基金[编号:贵大人基合字(2011)08号]

摘　　要：将龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)整株干燥粉碎后,用甲醇、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷和石油醚依次提取,通过测定这4种浸提物对水稻、玉米和萝卜种子萌发率、植株根数量、根长、根鲜质量、茎长及茎鲜质量的影响,明确龙葵不同浸提物对不同作物幼苗的化感效应。结果表明,龙葵的甲醇和乙酸乙酯浸提物对萝卜种子萌发率及根长表现为促进作用;相反,龙葵的二氯甲烷和石油醚浸提物对水稻和玉米种子萌发率、植株根数量、根长、根鲜质量、茎长及茎鲜质量主要表现为抑制作用,抑制率范围在9.52%~90.37%之间;其中250倍稀释倍数下,龙葵的石油醚浸提物对玉米植株茎鲜质量抑制率高达90.37%。研究表明,龙葵提取物对作物幼苗化感效应明显,具体化学成分及机制有待进一步研究。Whole plants of Solanum nigrum L. were dried and pulverized,and extracted with methanol,ethyl acetate,methylene chloride or petroleum ether. The effects of the four extracts on seed germination rate,root number,root length,root fresh weight,stem length and stem fresh weight of rice,maize and radish were determined. Germination rate and root length of radish were promoted by the ethyl acetate extract of Solanum nigrum. In contrast,seed germination rate,root number,length,and fresh weight,and stem length and fresh weight were mainly inhibited at ratesof 9. 5% ~90. 4%; a250 times dilution concentration gave90. 4% inhibition rate of maize plant stem fresh weight. Extracts of Solanumnigrum L. seedling growth,but the specific chemical composition of the extracts and the mechanism of action need further study.

关 键 词：化感效应 浸提物 龙葵 抑制率 作物幼苗 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]