指示叶片成熟度对一次性采收的上部烟叶可用性的影响  

Effects of Harvesting Maturity of Indicative Leaves on Availability of Once Harvested Upper Leaves in Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：石锦辉[1] 黄景崇[1] 陈建军[2] 叶卫国 李淮源 梁耀星[1] 詹良 范才银 

机构地区：[1]广东中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,广州510610 [2]华南农业大学烟草研究室,广州510642 [3]湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司常宁市分公司,湖南常宁421500

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2017年第21期4101-4105,4145,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目"基于双喜品牌需求的提高衡阳常宁上部烟叶可用性技术研究"(粤烟工05XM-QK[2015]-003);广东省烟草专卖局(公司)资助项目"优质烟叶烘烤特性及其调控技术研究"(粤烟科[2012]26号;201202);广东省烟草专卖局(公司)科技项目"广东浓香型特色优质烟叶开发"(粤烟科[2011]28号;201101);"优质烤烟理想生育进程的研究与应用"(粤烟科[2014]1号;201311)

摘　　要：为探讨一次性采收上部烟叶适宜成熟度和采收方法,以烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)品种云烟87为材料,选取上部倒数第3片叶为指示叶片,研究指示叶片处于尚熟、成熟和完熟时对一次性采收的上部烟叶可用性的影响。结果表明,随着指示叶片采收成熟度由尚熟提高到成熟再到完熟,上部叶SPAD值、叶片厚度和叶质重均下降,且不同成熟度间差异显著;总糖和还原糖含量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,分别在15.99%~20.53%和14.85%~18.80%范围内变动;总氮为2.95%~3.40%,烟碱为3.19%~3.42%;糖碱比为4.87~6.25,并随着成熟度的提高而增加;上部倒数1~3片叶上等烟比例因叶位升高而增加,倒数4~6片叶上等烟比例则反降。尚熟采收的产量最高(1 255.42 kg/hm2),而成熟采收的产值最高(2.48万元/hm2)。利用指示叶片成熟度来指导上部叶一次性采收可行。In order to investigate the suitability of upper leaves of one-time harvest maturity and harvesting method,using a tobacco（Nicotiana tabacum L.） cultivar Yunyan 87 as material,selecting the upside third leaf blade as the indicator,the effects of harvesting maturity of indicative leaves on availability of once harvested upper leaves in flue -cured tobacco were investigated. The results showed that with the indication of leaf har^^est maturity from immature to mature to ripe,the upper leaf SPAD value,leaf thickness and leaf weight decreased,and there were significant difference among tobacco leaves of different maturity;the content of total sugar and reducing sugar showed the trend of increasing first and then decreasing, respectively, changing in the range of 15.99% to 20.53% and 14.85% to 18.80% ;total nitrogen was from 2.95% to 3.40% , and nicotine was from 3.19% to 3.42% 曰 sugar alkali ratio was from 4.87 to 6.25, and increased with the improving of maturity曰 The first-class tobacco proportion of upper leaf tobacco leaves inverted 1 - 3 leaf increased with the leave position going up, oppositely,that of inverted 4 6 leaf decline. When the harvested leaves were immature, the highest yield was obtained （1 255.4 kg/hm2）,while the value of mature harvest was the highest （24 800 yuan/hm2）. It is feasible to guide the upper leaf harvesting by the maturity degree of indicative leaf.

关 键 词：上部烟叶 指示叶片 采收成熟度 一次性采收 烟叶可用性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]