小麦秸秆替代化肥钾在水稻上的应用效果  

Application Effects of Wheat Straw Replacing Chemical Potassium Fertilizer in Rice

作　　者：胡诚[1] 刘东海[1] 乔艳[1] 刘友梅[1] 李双来[1] 陈云峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,农业部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2017年第11期91-95,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200109);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)项目(2013CB127400);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003016;201203030);湖北省农业创新中心专项资金资助(2016-620-003-03);湖北省农业科学院重大研发成果培育项目(2017CGPY01)

摘　　要：为探讨秸秆的合理利用和化肥减施,开展了小麦秸秆替代部分化肥钾在水稻上的应用试验,对各处理土壤理化指标,以及水稻生长、产量和养分吸收等相关指标进行监测。结果表明:土壤速效钾含量在水稻孕穗期小麦秸杆替代1/4和1/3化肥钾的处理显著高于其它处理,分蘖期和灌浆期各处理之间差异不显著;水稻生长和产量指标在各处理之间虽未达显著差异水平,但小麦秸秆替代部分化肥钾的处理较全量化肥钾处理有一定的增产趋势;稻谷中氮和钾含量在各处理之间差异不显著,说明小麦秸秆替代部分化肥钾未影响水稻对氮和钾的吸收。综上所述,小麦秸秆替代部分化肥钾在水稻上的应用是可行的,其中以秸秆替代1/2化肥钾较为适宜,可以获得相对较高的稻谷产量和相对较低的稻草产量,其谷草比较高。The effects of wheat straw replacing chemical potassium fertilizer on soil available potassium concentrations and rice grain yields were studied in rice. The results showed as follows: the rice grain yields had increasing trend as a result of wheat straw replacing chemical potassium fertilizer, although the differences were not significant between treatments. Soil available potassium concentrations had no significant difference between treatments in tillering and grain-filling stage of rice, however, soil available potassium concentrations were significantly higher in a quarter and one-third chemical potassium fertilizer replaced by wheat straw treatments than that in the other treatments. Considering rice growth surroundings, grain yields and nutrient uptake, wheat straw replacing chemical potassium fertilizer couldn't reduce grain yields of rice and soil available potassium concentrations. Nitrogen and potassium uptake in rice were not influenced by wheat straw replacing part chemical potassium fertilizer. From grains and straw yields of rice, wheat straw replacing 50% chemical potassium fertilizer was feasible.

关 键 词：小麦秸秆 化肥钾 土壤速效钾 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]