HIV感染者和艾滋病患者并发潜伏结核感染的特征及其影响因素  被引量:11

Characteristics and influence factors of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV/AIDS

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作  者:林玫[1] 崔哲哲[1] 蓝如束[1] 聂绍发[2] 覃慧芳[1] 葛利辉[3] 覃雄林[4] 何名聪 

机构地区:[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,南宁530028 [2]华中科技大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室 [3]南宁市第四人民医院 [4]贵港市疾病预防控制中心 [5]来宾市疾病预防控制中心

出  处:《中国防痨杂志》2017年第11期1204-1211,共8页Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis

基  金:广西卫生适宜技术推广项目(S201310-04)

摘  要:目的调查HIV感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)患者并发潜伏结核感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)的水平、流行病学特征及影响因素。方法于2013年9月至2015年8月对广西壮族自治区南宁市、贵港市、来宾市3个研究点的AIDS防治机构的HIV感染者和AIDS患者进行筛选,共纳入860例。调查对象均为当地AIDS防治机构目前可随访到的新登记患者及既往患者,且其感染HIV之后未服用过抗结核药物,其中,南宁市纳入的是AIDS住院患者,贵港市和来宾市纳入的是HIV感染与AIDS患者的门诊随访者。收集调查对象的基本信息和临床资料,选取其中MTB潜伏感染(LTBI)者[无结核相关症状体征、仅有γ干扰素释放试验(IGRA)阳性]、MTB和HIV双重感染者,以及单纯HIV感染者和AIDS患者(排除非结核分枝杆菌感染、MTB和HIV双重感染和LTBI者),应用多分类logistic回归分析HIV感染者和AIDS患者并发LTBI及活动性肺结核的影响因素。结果860例调查对象中LTBI者156例,检出率为18.14%(156/860),其中贵港市(门诊随访患者)、来宾市(门诊随访患者)和南宁市(住院患者)的LTBI检出率分别为30.79%(97/315)、19.47%(51/262)和2.83%(8/283),各地区间LTBI检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=78.97,P〈0.01)。经多因素分析,相对于LTBI者,商业性行为有时使用安全套者[相对风险比(relative risk ratio,RRR)=7.65,95%CI=2.61-22.39]或从不使用安全套者(RRR=10.28,95%CI=4.08-25.88),经血液途径传播HIV者(RRR=10.20,95%CI=2.55-40.71)发展为活动性结核病的可能性较大;而门诊来源(RRR=0.01,95%CI=0.00-0.05)、居住在城市(RRR=0.19,95%CI=0.06-0.67),估计HIV感染病程在5-10年(RRR=0.17,95%CI=0.04-0.69)或大于10年(RRR=0.18,95%CI=0.04-0.78)的LTBI者不易发展为活动性结核病。Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and influence factors of latent tuberculo sis infection (LTBI) among HIV/AIDS. Methods A total of 860 HIV/AIDS from Nanning, Guigang and I.aibin between September 2013 and August 2015 were selected, all the patients did not accept anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) treatment before and were well followed up. The participants from Nanning were inpatients and others were outpatients. Basic information and clinical records were collected, data of LTBI patients (Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRA) positive without clinical symptoms), TB/HIV co infection patients and pure HIV/AIDS (exclude LTBI, TB/HIV and nontuberculosis mycobacteria) were analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression to detect the influence of TB infection and development among HIV/AIDS. Results LTBI detection rate was 18. 14% (156/860); 30.79% (97/315) in Guigang, 19.47%(51/262) in Laibin and 2.83%(8/283) in Nanning (inpa- tients), the differences were statistically significant (χ^2=78.97, P〈0.01). Compared to LTBI patients, TB/HIV co-infection patients were more likely to be someone had low frequency (RRR = 7.65, 95%CI= 2.61- 22.39) or rarely (RRR= 10. 28, 95% CI= 4.08-25.88) using condom during commercial sexual intercourse and someone had been infected HIV by blood transmission (RRR= 10.20, 95%CI=2.55--40.71). However, outpatient paitents (RRR=0.01, 95%CI=0.00-0.05) and the ones from urban area resident (RRR=0.19, 95%CI=0. 06-0.67), who had the duration of HIV infection between 5 to 10 years (NRR=0.17, 95%CI=0.04-0.69) or over 10 years (RRR=0.18, 95%CI= 0.04- 0.78) was unlikely to be TB/HIV co-infection patients. The probability of a HIV/AIDS patient survive from LTBI was less if he or she was outpatient (RRR= 0.17, 95% CI= 0.05-0.64) or had the duration of HIV infection over 10 years (RRR = 0. 29, 95% CI = 0. 14-0. 63) or had other opportunistic infections (RRR=0.18, 95%CI=0.08-0. 41). Concision LTBI detec

关 键 词:结核 HIV 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 潜伏性结核病 回归分析 

分 类 号:R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]

 

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