植物茸毛形成的分子机制及其生理功能  

Molecular mechanism and physiological function of trichome formation in plant

作　　者：肖开转[1,2,3] 毛小辉 林悦龙[1,2,3] 朱永生 蔡秋华[2,3] 谢华安[1,2,3] 张建福[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福州350108 [2]福建省农业科学院水稻研究所,福州350019 [3]农业部华南杂交水稻种质创新与分子育种重点实验室,福州国家水稻改良分中心,福建省作物分子育种工程实验室,福建省水稻分子育种重点实验室,福建省作物种质创新与分子育种省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,杂交水稻国家重点实验室华南研究基地,水稻国家工程实验室,福州350003

出　　处：《科学通报》2017年第30期3451-3460,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0101801);福建省自然科学基金(2016J01135);福建省科技重大专项(2015N0003-3);福建省财政专项-福建省农业科学院创新团队PI项目(2016PI-15);福建省科技计划--省属公益类科研院所科研专项(2015R1021-8)资助

摘　　要：在植物体生长发育过程中,茸毛作为植物抵御自然灾害的一道天然屏障,对于抵御紫外线辐射、病原菌侵袭、食草动物取食及水分过度蒸腾等方面起着不可或缺的作用.目前的研究表明,不同植物体茸毛的形成受多类型、多基因共同调控构成一个复杂的网络系统,在拟南芥中茸毛的形成调控还存在一系列的竞争机制对基因的活性进行促进和抑制.茸毛在发育过程中还能够与周围环境相互作用,如对光的反射和光量子辐射拦截,叶片的热量平衡,水分蒸发和气体交换等.而且茸毛对农作物种植和生产利用都具有重要的经济价值和参考意义.本文综述并分析了近年来植物体茸毛形成相关基因调控以及茸毛生理特性等方面的研究进展,旨在阐明茸毛形成相关基因调控植物体茸毛形成的机制以及茸毛在环境相互交互过程中各种生理生化特点,为进一步开展茸毛基因挖掘及其功能特性的相关研究提供重要的理论依据.Trichome, as a protective barrier against natural hazards, plays an indispensable role in resisting ultraviolet radiation, pathogen invasion, herbivores feeding and water excessive transpiration during the process of plant growth and development. Tfichomes may be unicellular or multicellular and some plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana may also have branches, according to the presence or absence of glands, it can be divided into glandular or non-glandular, the former can accumulate and secrete some alkaloids, such as nicotine and terpenoids, which have an exclusion effect on insects, while the latter can be enhanced the stress resistance during abiotic stress, such as extreme high and low temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, thereby promoting and controlling the normal growth of plants. The current study shows that the formation of trichome is co-regulation by many types and multiple genes, thus form a complex regulation network. The mechanism of the regulation and genes mining of the trichome in the dicotyledonous has made substantial progress in recent years, especially in Arabidopsis, Trichome formation in Athaliana is thought to be regulated by a competitive system, including the promotion and inhibition of the gene activities. More and more studies have shown that there are a variety of different genes can regulate the trichome formation in different plants. The genes controling trichome formation are generally a class of MYB transcription factors in Arabidopsis [31], whereas a HD-Zip protein, Woolly （Wo） that interacts with Cyclin B2, plays an essential role for trichome formation and embryonic development in tomato. In addition, the Glabrous Rice I（GLR1）, which encodes a WUS-like homeobox gene （WOX）, also regulates the formation of trichomes in rice. It was proposed that Trichome can also interact with the environment under the development process of plants, such as light refraction, light quantum radiation interception, leaf heat balance, wettability, droplet retention, water uptake and gas ex

关 键 词：植物 茸毛 水分蒸腾 热量平衡 气体交换 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学] Q945