豚草和三裂叶豚草在新疆伊犁河谷的入侵及扩散特征  

Diffusion and intrusion features of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida in Yili River Valley

作　　者：董合干[1,2] 周明冬 刘忠权 郝晓云[2] 刘延 艾尼瓦尔.阿不都瓦依提 刘彤 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,石河子832000 [2]伊犁州农村能源环境工作站,伊宁835000 [3]新疆农业资源与环境保护站,乌鲁木齐830000 [4]伊犁职业技术学院,伊宁835000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2017年第11期175-180,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2014BAC14B02)资助

摘　　要：豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)和三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida)分别是我国公布的首批/第二批危害严重的外来入侵物种,目前已经在新疆伊犁河谷呈快速扩散趋势。文中通过对比分析2010~2016年的两个物种的分布状况,研究这两个物种在伊犁河谷的入侵及扩散特征。结果表明:(1)在入侵速度上,2010年豚草和三裂叶豚草开始入侵伊犁河谷,新源县是两个物种的主要分布区,2011年至2013年呈点状分布,2014年后大面积爆发。2016年豚草和三裂叶豚草面积分别是1015km^2、215 km^2,是2010年的10150倍、2150倍;2016年在100个调查样点的分布频度分别为0.52、0.38,是2010年的52倍、38倍,两个物种的分布频度是意大利苍耳和刺苍耳的5~9倍。(2)种子传播是两个物种的主要扩散方式。长距离扩散主要沿道路和河流,主要传播方式为人畜活动(车辆、人员往来,牛羊转场等)和流水(巩乃斯河);局部扩散主要以道路和河流为中心向周围扩散,主要传播方式为山间、田间、路边流水,人畜活动(农牧活动,车辆、人员往来等),地势(种子从高处向低处传播)等。Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida are the harmful and serious invasive species released by the China from the first and second batch, and which have been showed a trend of rapid diffusion in Xinjiang Yili fiver valley. We studied the diffusion and intrusion features of the two species in the Yili river valley by comparing the distribution of the two species from 2010 to 2016. Results show that Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida be- gan to invade Yili fiver valley in 2010, and Xinyuan county is the main distribution area of the two species. Two species were point shaped from 2011 to 2013, and were bloomed in large area after 2014. The distribution area of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida were 1015km2 and 215km2 in 2016 which are 10150 times and 2150 times to that in 2010, respectively. Distributing frequency of two species were 0.52 and 0.38 in 2016 which are 52 times and 38 times to that in 2010, respectively. Distributing frequency of two species are 52 times and 38 times to that of Xanthium spinosum and Xanthium italicum Moretti. In addition, two species entered Yili fiver valley by un- intentional introduction though free trade, and diffused to periphery taking roads as the center by terrain, rivers and actions of man and animal.

关 键 词：入侵特征 扩散特征 分布面积 分布频度 伊犁河谷 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]