室内外PM_(2.5)中主要水溶性离子分布水平及特征研究  

The distribution level and characteristics of the main water soluble inorganic ion in indoor and outdoor air PM_(2.5) of Beijing

作　　者：王心宇[1] 田佩瑶[1] 陶晶[1] 张锐[1] 魏建荣[1] 尹普 WANG Xin- yu;TIAN Pei- yao;TAO Jing;ZHANG Rui;WEI Jian- rong;YIN Pu(Beijing Center of Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Center for Preventive Medicine Research, Beijing 10013, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心/北京市预防医学研究中心 [2]北京市房山区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2017年第5期195-199,共5页Capital Journal of Public Health

基　　金：北京市科技计划(编号:Z121100000312007)

摘　　要：目的研究空气环境PM_(2.5)中多种水溶性离子的分布水平及特征。方法在北京市选择7个典型地区,每个地区分别设置1个室外和3个室内(办公区、学校和住家)监测点,2013年5月-2014年4月连续监测PM_(2.5)中F^-、Cl^-、NO_2^-、Br-、NO_3^-、SO_4^(2-)、H_2PO_4^-和NH_4^+8种水溶性离子。结果室内外8种离子的质量浓度排序为:NO_3^-、SO_4^(2-)>NH_4^+>Cl^->F^-、NO_2^-、Br-和H_2PO_4^-,且以NO^(3-)、SO_4^(2-)、NH_4^+和Cl^-4种离子浓度之和占8种离子总量99.5%。3个室内监测点8种离子之和没有差异(χ2=0.789,P>0.01),室外结果明显高于室内(Z=-4.20,P<0.01)。室内外8种离子总和分别占其PM_(2.5)的41.4%和47.0%,均与PM_(2.5)有良好相关性(P<0.01,2-tailed;r室内为0.941,r室外为0.874)。7个典型地区8种离子污染水平为:水泥生产厂>交通枢纽>建筑工地>机场>燃煤地区>轻工业区>清洁区。8种离子浓度均显示2、3月最高,8、9月最低;其离子总和的季节性变化为:冬季>春季>夏季>秋季。NH_4^+与SO_4^(2-)、NO_3^-和Cl^-均呈线性关系(P<0.01,2-tailed;rNH_4^+与NO_3^+=0.964,rNH_4^+与SO_4^(2-)=0.951rNH_4^+与Cl^-=0.563)。结论 NO_3^-、SO_4^(2-)、Cl^-和NH_4^+是北京室内外PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子的主要成分,8种水溶性离子呈季节性变化,且与周边人为活动有关。Objective This study examines the distribution level and characteristics of eight water-soluble ions,Cl^-,NO_3^-,SO_4^(2-),F^-,NO_2^-,Br-,H_2PO_4^-,and NH_4^+,in indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) in Beijing.Methods Seven regions,each representing a typical area in Beijing,were selected as sample regions for this study.For each region,four monitoring sites(one for outdoors and three for indoors-office,school and residential area) were set up for streaming data of the concentration of eight water-soluble ions in PM_(2.5) from May 2013 to April 2014.Results The mass concentration of the eight ions in PM_(2.5) has the following pattern NO_3^-> SO_4^(2-)> NH_4^+> Cl^->(F^-,NO_2^-,Br-and H_2PO_4^-).The total concentration of the eight ions in PM_(2.5) among seven regionshas the following patterns-cement plant > transportation hub > construction site > airport > coal combustion area > industrial facility influential area > cleaning area.There is no significant difference of the sum of water-soluble ions in PM_(2.5) between office,school and residential area(χ~2= 0.789,P > 0.01),while the sum of eight water soluble ions in PM_(2.5) between indoor and outdoor is significantly different(Z =-4.20,P < 0.01).The percentage of the total mass of eight water-soluble ions is 41.4% and 47.0% for indoors PM_(2.5) and outdoors PM_(2.5) respectively.Concentrations of eight watersoluble ions from indoors and outdoors are both positively correlated to the level of PM_(2.5)(P < 0.01,2-tailed),rindoor=.941,routdoor=.874.The concentrations of eight ions are all at their highest level in February and March and at their lowest level in August and September.The seasonal pattern of the concentrations of eight water-soluble ions in PM_(2.5) is Winter > Spring >Summer > Fall.NH_4^+ is positively correlated to SO_4^(2-),NO_3^-,and Cl^-respectively(P < 0.01,2-tailed)(rNH_4^+ and NO_3^-=.964,rNH_4^+ and SO_4^(2-)=.951,rNH_4^+ and Cl^-=.563).Conclusion NO_3^-,SO_4^(2-),Cl^-,and NH_4^+ are major components of PM_(2.5) and direct reactants to form seconda

关 键 词：细颗粒物 水溶性离子 分布特征 室内外空气 

分 类 号：R122.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]