“擅自”和“私自”的主观性差异  

The difference in subjectivity of "Shan zi" and "Si zi"

作　　者：黄晓东[1] 张薇[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学中国语言资源保护研究中心,北京100083 [2]杭州师范大学人文学院,杭州311121

出　　处：《语言与翻译》2017年第4期21-25,共5页Language and Translation

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"城镇化背景下农村方言的社会分层研究"(13AYY003);杭州市哲学社会科学规划课题"浙江下三府区域方言语法比较研究"(2016RCZX33)

摘　　要："擅自"和"私自"是一组语义相近的方式副词,但在主观性强度上存在差异,"私自"的主观性强于"擅自"。这可以从"内"、"外"两方面得到证明:从内部语义来看,两个词都表示有违"道义",但"擅自"强调的是"违反了法律法规或是未经相关组织或人员批准",其"道义"来源于社会,"私自"强调的是隐瞒了他人,其"道义"来源于个人。从外部语法表现来看,"擅自"往往和具有社会性的主语、客观性倾向的情态词相匹配,"私自"往往和具有个体性的主语、主观性倾向的情态词相匹配,而且"擅自"更多地用在主观性较弱的法律文本中。"shanzi"(without authorization)and"sizi"(privately and secretly)are both method adverbs that have similar semantic meanings.But they are different in subjectivity in that the subjectivity of"sizi"is stronger than that of"shanzi".It can be proved by the follow tow points:from the semantic meaning perspective,the two words both violate morality and justice,but"shanzi"is based on the society while"sizi"base on individuals.From the grammar point of view,"shanzi"is always matching the social subjects and external modals while"sizi"is always matching the individual subjects and subjective modals.

关 键 词：擅自 私自 主观性 道义 情态 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]