基于4+2轴机床的叶轮加工技术  

Impeller machining technology based on 4 + 2-axis machine tool

作　　者：石一琨 朱燏 陈志同[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报》2017年第10期2127-2134,共8页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2013ZX04011031)~~

摘　　要：为扩展4轴机床的加工能力,使4轴机床具有使用鼓形刀具加工叶轮类零件的能力,将4轴机床扩展至4+2轴机床。从机构学角度对4+2轴机床进行运动学分析,证明了4+2轴加工方法的刀具姿态具有一个可优化的角度。根据机床运动链模型,推导了机床半联动轴参数与刀具姿态角度、联动轴运动参数之间的运动变换关系,得到了求解切触点处刀位信息的方法。根据对复杂曲面的几何分析、刀具干涉和机床运动范围,给出了一种4+2轴加工叶片的2个半联动轴参数选择方法。推导了4+2轴加工方法的刀轨生成算法。通过4+2轴叶轮加工实验,验证了4+2轴加工方法的可行性。实验结果表明,4+2轴加工方法生成的刀轨可用,使用4+2轴加工方法加工叶轮叶片的方案是可行的,具有生产应用价值。The purpose of this study is to enhance the machine tool＇ s processing capability by improving the machine tool from 4-axis to 4 ＋ 2-axis, which endows the machine tool the ability to process impeller using the barrel cutter. We first analyzed the dynamic performance of the 4 ＋ 2-axis machine tool with theory of mechanism, which demonstrates that the tool position has one optimizable parameter. Then, we derived the re- lationship among the half-linkage axis parameters, the tool position, and the linkage axis movement parame- ters, and obtained a method for solving the position at the cutter contact point. Based on the geometrical anal- ysis of the complex surface, mechanical interference and the movement range of the machine tool, we provided a method to choose the parameters of two half-linkage axes when processing the impeller by using 4 ＋ 2-axis, and deduced an algorithm for generating the tool path. We finally tested the tool path by experiments. The re- suits show that the proposed 4 ＋ 2-axis machining method for processing impeller blade is feasible and has promising production and application value.

关 键 词：4+2轴机床 半联动轴 刀轴矢量 可达锥面 刀轨生成 叶轮加工 

分 类 号：V232.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TP319[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]