柳厚壁叶蜂幼虫、虫瘿形态及成瘿抑制方法研究  

Study on Larvae and Gall Morphologies of Pontania dolichura(Thomson)and Gall Inhibition Methods

作　　者：薛莹 刘丽 闫晓璐 郝淑莲[2] 门丽娜[1] 张志伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801 [2]天津自然博物馆,天津300201

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2017年第11期1832-1836,1840,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31402007);山西农业大学青年拔尖创新人才支持计划项目(TYIT201402);山西农业大学第十四批大学生创新创业训练项目(14-005);大学生创新创业训练项目(201610113028);山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2016088);山西省农业科技成果转化和推广示范专项(SXNKTG18)

摘　　要：通过研究柳厚壁叶蜂幼虫及虫瘿形态变化规律,确定其最佳防治时期,探索安全有效的成瘿抑制方法,从而为其防控提供指导,应用经典形态学研究方法,测定幼虫与虫瘿在不同发育时期的形态;采取物理与化学2种策略抑制虫瘿生成。结果表明,柳厚壁叶蜂在山西中北部地区一年发生1代;虫瘿的生长及形态变化可分为2个阶段:生长期(4月20日至5月17日)及稳定期(5月17日至10月30日);而幼虫的生长可分为3个阶段:"蚁形"阶段(4月20日至5月9日),稳定阶段(5月9日至9月29日),"茧前"阶段(9月29日至10月30日);化学方法对虫瘿形成的抑制率可达80.85%,但与物理方法没有显著差异。根据幼虫与虫瘿形态研究结果,确定防治的最佳时期在成虫羽化后产卵前(晋中地区在4月上中旬);物理和化学2种方法对柳厚壁叶蜂虫瘿的形成都有显著抑制效果。The aim of the study is to provide guidance for prevention and control under the condition of determining the control period by the study of morphological research of larva and gall and studying preliminary the gallium inhibition method.The galls that Pontania dolichura（Thomson） forms on the leaves of Salix babylonica L.affect the ecology and landscape greening effect of Salix babylonica L.seriously,and also cause the growth of trees to be weak and seriously bad.The classical morphological research methods were used to determine the morphology characters of larvae and gall.Taking two strategies which includes physical and chemical control methods inhibited the generation of the gall.The results showed that one generation of Pontania dolichura occured in central and north area of Shanxi.The morphological changes of insect gall were divided into two stages： the growth period（4.20-5.13）,the stabilization period（5.13-10.30）.The morphological changes of larvae were divided into three stages： ＂ant＂ stage（4.20-5.6）,stable stage（5.6-9.29）and ＂Pre-cocoon＂ stage（9.29-10.30）.The effect of chemical control was up to 80.85%,and there was no significant difference between chemical control and physical control.According to our study results of the morphology of larvae and gall,the best period of prevention and control is after adult emergence and before spawning（middle April in Jinzhong）.Both physical and chemical methods have significant inhibitory effects on the growth of the gall.

关 键 词：柳厚壁叶蜂 垂柳 幼虫形态 虫瘿形态 成瘿率 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]