不同改良措施下砂质土壤肥力的微形态评价——以内蒙古科尔沁沙地为例  

Fertility Evaluation of Sandy Soil Under Different Improvement Measures Based on Soil Micromorphological Characteristics——A Case Study of Horqin Sandy Land in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：刘颖[1] 王数[1] 张凤荣[1] 吕贻忠[1] 李珍珍 毛率垒 任娜欧 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《土壤》2017年第5期1023-1031,共9页Soils

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(201411009)资助

摘　　要：本文以内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼后旗巴胡塔镇乌旦塔拉村为试验区,选取13个土壤微形态指标,利用Photoshop、土壤切片图像处理分析系统、Image-pro plus 6.0软件对土壤微形态图像进行处理,采用定性、定量相结合的方法对不同改良处理后的砂质土壤肥力进行评价,在此基础上建立了砂质土壤肥力评价的微形态指标最小数据集(MDS)。得出以下结论:与对照组单元1相比,其他各个单元的土壤结构体、粗骨颗粒等微形态特征变化不显著。单元10(黏土、有机肥、腐殖酸施加量分别为3.00×10~5、3.00×10~4、7.50×10~3 kg/hm^2)中土壤黏粒最多、基质比最大、有机物质频率最高;土壤孔隙状况以及毛管孔隙发育最好的单元分别是单元8和单元13(黏土、有机肥、腐殖酸施加量分别是单元8:1.50×105、3.00×10~4、1.125×10~4 kg/hm^2,单元13:7.50×10~4、3.00×10~4、3.75×103 kg/hm^2)。准则层指标土壤基质、土壤孔隙、有机物质、土壤结构体、粗骨颗粒的权重分别为0.336、0.253、0.203、0.124、0.084。砂质土壤肥力评价的最小数据集包括基质比、基质类型、基质颜色、毛管孔隙占比、孔隙类型、有机物质类型、粗骨颗粒平均粒径7个指标,MDS评价结果与原始评价结果呈显著的线性相关关系,因此实际评价砂质土壤肥力时,可以MDS的7个微形态指标代替原始的13个指标。Combined with maize yield information, 13 indicators of soil micromorphology were selected as the evaluating indicators, soil thin section technique, Photoshop and Image-pro plus 6.0 software were used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate sandy soil fertility under different improvements based on a field test in Horzin of Tongliao city, Inner Mongolia, and then MDS of soil micromorphological indicators was setup to simplify the evaluation process. The results showed that characteristics of soil microstructure, soil aggregate, colour of soil matrix and skeleton grains were similar under different treatments. Clay particles in unit 10（values of clay, organic fertilizer and humic acid were 3.00×105, 3.00×104, 7.50×103 kg/hm2, respectively） were higher than other units, and also its ratios of soil matrix and frequency of organic matter were the highest. The degree of porosity development in unit 8（values of clay, organic fertilizer and humic acid were 1.50×105, 3.00×104, 1.125×104 kg/hm2, respectively） was higher than other units, but the capillary pores were better developed in unit 13（values of clay, organic fertilizer and humic acid are 7.50×104, 3.00×104, 3.75×103 kg/hm2, respectively）. The weights of soil matrix, soil pore, organic matter, soil structure and skeleton grains in the rule layer were 0.33, 0.253, 0.203, 0.124 and 0.084, respectively; there were 7 indicators in the established MDS of soil micromorphology, i.e. ratio of soil matrix, type of soil matrix, colour of soil matrix, percentage of capillary pore, type of pore, type of organic matter and average diameter of skeleton grains. The MDS evaluated result was highly correlated with the original evaluated result, which indicated that the established MDS can feasibly replace original 13 indicators in evaluating sandy soil fertility.

关 键 词：砂质土壤肥力 土壤微形态特征 最小数据集 内蒙古 科尔沁沙地 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]