古人类活动对土壤理化性质的影响——以河南仰韶村文化遗址为例  

Indicative Characteristics of Soil in Ancient Human Cultural Sites: A Case Study of Yangshao Village Cultural Relic Site, Henan Province

作　　者：何翔宇[1,2] 吴克宁[1,2] 查理思 于潇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [2]国土资源部土地整治重点实验室,北京100035 [3]广东财经大学公共管理学院,广州510320

出　　处：《土壤》2017年第5期1038-1048,共11页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371226)资助

摘　　要：在河南仰韶村文化遗址内,分别选取一个受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面(简称文化剖面)和没有受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面(简称自然剖面),通过分析土壤的粒度、磁化率、色度、矿质全量、全磷含量和容重特征,比较两剖面差异,从而获取古人类活动对土壤理化性质的影响。研究结果显示:文化剖面土壤各理化性质变异系数均较自然剖面大。文化剖面通体粒度组成偏砂,在灰烬层砂粒含量达到最大,但在文化层黏粒含量达到峰值,平均粒径和分选系数变化明显,均在灰烬层和文化层出现峰值和极大值;低频磁化率(χlf)高于自然剖面,在灰烬层和文化层出现峰值,频率磁化率(χfd)略低于自然剖面;红度(a*)、黄度(b*)、亮度(L*)低于自然剖面,在灰烬层均出现最小值;各矿质元素变异系数大于自然剖面,但含量几乎相近,脱硅富铝化程度较弱于自然剖面,在灰烬层中CaO、MnO含量达到最大值,在文化层中除SiO_2几乎无变化外,其余氧化物或出现最大值或波峰;容重平均值小于自然剖面,并且在文化层出现最小值;全磷含量高于自然剖面,在灰烬层和文化层出现峰值和最大值。In this paper, a soil profile with obvious evidence of ancient human activities（cultural profile in short） was compared with a profile without ancient human disturbance（natural profile in short）. The features of the particle size, magnetic susceptibility, color, total content of mineral elements and the bulk density of soils were comparatively analyzed to discover the effects of ancient human activities. The results showed that the variation ranges of physical and chemical properties of soil in cultural profile were larger than natural profile. The cultural profile was sandy, and the content of sand particle reached the highest in the ash layer. The changes of average and characteristic parameters of particle size were obvious, and reached the highest in the ash and cultural layers. χlf of cultural profile was higher than natural profile, and reached the highest in the ash and cultural layers. χfd, a＊, b＊, L＊ of cultural profile were minimum in the ash layer, and were more or less lower than natural profile. The contents of mineral elements in two profiles were close, but their variation ranges in cultural profile were larger than natural profile. The degree of allitization in cultural profile was lower than natural profile. Within cultural profile, the contents of CaO and MnO reached the highest in the ash layer. Oxides, except SiO2, reached the highest in the cultural layer. The average bulk density of cultural profile was smaller than natural profile, and reached the lowest in cultural profile. The total phosphorus content of cultural profile was higher than natural profile, and reached the highest in the ash and cultural layers.

关 键 词：文化遗址 遗物遗迹 土壤理化性质 差别 

分 类 号：S155[农业科学—土壤学]