抗裂荚箭筈豌豆荚果发育动态及其腹缝线结构  

Study on pod development and ventral suture structure of shattering-resistant common vetch

作　　者：董德珂 韩云华[1] 李东华 王彦荣[1] 刘志鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,农业部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]吉林省延边州农业科学院,吉林龙井133400

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第11期2289-2294,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB138704);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2016-2)

摘　　要：易裂荚箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)的荚果开裂主要是由离层和细胞失水产生的机械拉力导致的,但是在抗裂荚的箭筈豌豆中的组织结构尚不明确。该研究以抗裂荚的135号箭筈豌豆(V.sativasubsp.sativa No.135)为对象,对其荚果在发育过程中的形态特征、水分含量、发芽率及腹缝线横截面解剖结构等的动态变化进行观察分析,以探讨抗裂荚箭筈豌豆荚果的抗裂机理,以及为生产中确定其种子收获的适宜时间提供理论依据。结果显示,1)135号箭筈豌豆约在盛花后26d荚果变为棕黑色,荚果的大小、干重已经达到最大值,含水量较低,发芽率较高且硬实率较低。2)135号箭筈豌豆腹缝线处夹在两个维管束之间的薄壁细胞没有分化成离层,而是分化成与维管束细胞一样的厚壁细胞,将两个维管束连接起来,形成由厚壁细胞组成的整体。综上所述,盛花后26d荚果变为棕黑色时是135号箭筈豌豆的适宜收获时间,离层的丢失和分化形成的厚壁细胞是其荚果抗裂的主要原因。The abscission layer cells and machine tensile generated by cellular water loss were the main causes of pod shattering in shattering susceptible common vetch （Vicia sativa）, but the organizational structure is unclear. This study, using shattering resistant V. sativa subsp. sativa No.135 as the research material, analyzed its dynamic changes in pod morphology, moisture content, germination rate and anatomical structure of ventral suture cross section during pod development to explore the pod shattering resistant mechanism and provide a theoretical basis for determining optimal harvest time. The results elucidated two main points： 1） When the pods of V. sativa subsp. sativa No.135 turned to brown black at about 26 days after peak anthesis, they reached their maximum size and dry weight; when the germination rate was high, the hard seed percentage and the water content were low. 2） The parenchyma cells between the two vascular bundles were not differentiated into abscission layers, but differentiated into sclerenchymatous cells and connected the vascular bundles, wholly formed by the parenchyma cells. The results showed that the optimum harvest time was 26 days after peak anthesis. The key cause of the shattering resistant trait lies in the loss of layer cells and the parenchyma cells differentiated into the sclerenchymatous cells.

关 键 词：箭筈豌豆 裂荚 离层 适宜收获时间 腹缝线 

分 类 号：S551.9[农业科学—作物学] Q944[生物学—植物学]