不同大豆品种鼓粒期茎秆力学特性与抗倒伏性差异研究  

Study on the Differences of Mechanical Properties and Lodging Resistance Among Different Soybean Varieties in Seed-filling Period

作　　者：徐瑶[1] 张锐[1] 董守坤[1] 马春梅[1] 龚振平[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《大豆科学》2017年第6期905-912,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B01);黑龙江省重大科技项目(GA14B101)

摘　　要：大豆在鼓粒期最易发生倒伏,且对产量损失影响很大,倒伏已经成为大豆高产稳产的重要限制因素,为探讨大豆的抗倒伏性与植株形态指标和茎秆力学特性的关系,选用了30个大豆品种为试验材料,在鼓粒期对大豆形态指标和茎秆基部挫折力等力学特性进行测定,研究了大豆株型差异和茎秆力学特性对大豆茎秆抗倒伏倒伏性的影响。结果表明:在大豆鼓粒期,大豆品种的抗倒伏性与株高、鲜重和茎粗均呈现显著负相关,而与茎粗/株高呈显著正相关,茎粗/株高能更好的反映品种的抗倒伏性;随大豆株高的增加,大豆茎秆的挫折力、弯矩和重力矩均增加,并且重力矩对倒伏的影响更大,供试大豆品种中高秆品种的抗倒伏性比矮秆品种差;株高相近的大豆品种的抗倒伏性与茎秆挫折力关系较大,而株高相差较大的大豆品种的抗倒伏性与株型关系密切。Soybean lodging always happens in the seed-filling period which has the great influence on yield loss and becomes the limit factor in high and state yield of soybean.This study selected 30 soybean varieties as the materials,and measured the morphological and mechanical properties of base stem to analyze the effect of those characteristic on soybean lodging resistance.The results showed that the height,fresh weight and stem diameter were significantly negative correlated with soybean lodging resistance,but the ratio of stem to plant height was significantly positive correlated with soybean lodging resistance,the stem diameter/height could better reflect the lodging resistance.With height increasing,the break force,bending moment,and gravitational moment were increased,and gravitational moment had a greater impact on lodging resistance.The lodging resistance of short varieties was stronger than that of tall varieties.The lodging resistance had a closer relation with stem break force among similar height soybean varieties.The lodging resistance of soybean varieties with high difference of plant height is closely related to plant type.

关 键 词：大豆 株高 茎秆力学特性 抗倒伏性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]