不同生防制剂对黄瓜两种主要气传病害的防治效果  

Control Effects of Different Biocontrol Preparations on Two Cucumber Airborne Diseases

作　　者：李宝庆 鹿秀云[2] 马瑜[3] 韩庆典[4] 

机构地区：[1]临沂市农业技术推广服务中心,山东临沂276000 [2]河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所,河北保定071000 [3]陕西省微生物研究所,陕西西安710000 [4]临沂大学生命科学学院,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第21期75-79,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：临沂市重点研发计划资助项目(2016GG030);公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201303025);山东省农业重大应用技术资助项目(2015NY212)

摘　　要：以臭氧化葵花油、枯草芽孢杆菌和农抗120为供试药剂,黄瓜"德瑞特"为指示作物,研究了3种生防制剂对黄瓜灰霉病和白粉病的田间防治效果。结果表明:病害发生前喷药保护,臭氧化葵花油、枯草芽孢杆菌和农抗120对黄瓜灰霉病的防效分别为80.41%、88.45%和88.70%,对黄瓜白粉病的防效分别为80.84%、86.51%和85.55%;病害发生后喷药治疗,臭氧化葵花油、枯草芽孢杆菌和农抗120对黄瓜灰霉病的防效分别为28.72%、53.21%和56.32%,对黄瓜白粉病的防效分别为36.99%、58.80%和58.93%。并且臭氧化葵花油和枯草芽孢杆菌能有效提高黄瓜叶面积,分别增加25.23%和31.78%;单株坐果数分别增加12.15%和19.79%。3种生防制剂在病害发生前防治效果均能达到80%以上,病害发生后喷药治疗效果均低于60%,臭氧化葵花油和枯草芽孢杆菌对黄瓜具有较好的促生作用,建议使用生物农药以提前预防为主。Oleozon,Bacillus subtilis and agricultural antibiotic 1 2 0 were used as supplied fungicides,cucumber ‘DERIT＇was used as the indicating crop,control effect of three biocontrol preparations on powdery mildew and gray mold of cucumber were studied. The results showed that application of different agents before diseases occur could prohibit the diseases effectively. The three treatments gave control efficacy of 8 0. 4 1 %,8 8. 4 5 % and 8 8. 7 0 % for cucumber gray mold,as which were 8 0. 8 4 %,8 6. 5 1 % and 8 5. 5 5 % in cucumber powdery mildew. Different emulsions were sprayed on cucumber plants in the greenhouse when the first symptoms of diseases occurred naturally. The effect of different agents against cucumber gray mold were 28. 72%,53. 21% and 56. 32%. Compared with the treatments of gray mold,the control effects on powdery mildew disease were 36. 99%,58. 80% and 58. 93%.The contents of leaf area and fruit number per plant were increased in varying degrees after spraying oleozon and Bacillus subtilis,the increasing value of which were 25. 23% and 31. 78% in leaf area,12. 15% and19. 79% in fruit number respectively.In conclusion,the control effects of three different treatments were above80% when applied before the appearance of the symptom,while the efficacy were only 60% after the appearance of the symptoms.Plant growth-promoting effects on cucumber was also observed when used oleozon and Bacillus subtilis. The results showed that the application of biological pesticide should be put on the prevention of diseases.

关 键 词：灰霉病 白粉病 生物防治 

分 类 号：S642.201[农业科学—蔬菜学]