不同类型特种稻种质营养及功能性成分含量的差异  

The Differences of Nutritional and Functional Components Content in Different Types of Special Rice

作　　者：柏鹤[1,2] 马小定 曹桂兰 刘宪虎 韩龙植[2] 

机构地区：[1]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程/农业部作物种质资源与生物技术重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2017年第6期1013-1022,共10页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0100101);国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD01B02-2;2013BAD01B0101-2;2015BAD01B01-1);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目;国家农作物种质资源保护项目(2016NWB036-01;2016NWB036-12-2);国家农作物种质资源平台(NICGR2016-001)

摘　　要：本研究以具有有色种皮、巨胚、甜味、香味、糯性等单一特殊性状或2个以上特殊性状聚合于一体的新创制特种稻种质39份和1份白米种质(对照)为试验材料,进行了黑米、黑褐米、红米、香糯米、黑巨胚糯米、红巨胚糯米、巨胚糯米、黑甜米、红甜米、白甜米等不同类型特种稻种质的营养及功能性成分含量的差异评价。结果表明,供试特种稻类型在大部分氨基酸含量和矿质元素含量上与白米差异不显著,只在个别氨基酸和矿质元素含量上与白米呈显著或极显著差异。黑褐米、红米、黑巨胚糯米、红巨胚糯米、巨胚糯米、红甜米和白甜米等7种类型的赖氨酸含量显著或极显著高于白米,高2.91%~24.68%;黑米、黑褐米、红米、香糯米、黑巨胚糯米和红甜米等6种类型的铁含量显著或极显著高于白米,高17.62%~68.09%;黑褐米、红米、黑巨胚糯米、红巨胚糯米、黑甜米、红甜米、白甜米等7种类型的钙含量显著或极显著高于白米,高23.56%~49.46%;黑米、黑褐米、红米、黑甜米、红甜米、白甜米等6种类型的锌含量显著或极显著高于白米,高12.21%~55.87%。由此表明,具有有色种皮、巨胚、甜味、香味、糯性等单一特殊性状或2~3个特殊性状的聚合对赖氨酸含量与铁、钙和锌含量的提高方面具有一定的增加效应,认为在今后以赖氨酸、铁、钙和锌含量为目标性状的功能性水稻育种中,多个特殊性状的聚合将是增加上述功能性成分含量的有效途径之一。通过鉴定评价,从创新种质中还筛选出一些功能性成分含量相对较高的优异种质,白甜米1553和红巨胚糯米1476的赖氨酸含量较高,比白米分别高29.37%和23.42%;红米1439和红米1440的铁含量较高,比白米分别高99.05%和80.00%;黑甜米1511和黑甜米1515的硒含量较高,比白米分别高194.14%和136.48%;白甜米1551和香糯米1446的γ-氨基丁酸含量较高,比白米分别�The research of special and functional rices has been paid more and more attention by the society, with the development of social economy and the improvement of people＇s living level,the nutritional and functional compo- nents has become one of the important target traits in current rice breeding. The evaluation of nutritional and function- al component contents were conducted using newly bred one white rice and 39 accessions of special rices with single or more than two special properties such as fragrance, colored seed coat, giant embryo, sweet and waxy. There are no significant difference in most of the amino acid content and mineral element content between special rices and white rice ,while there are significant difference in few amino acids and few mineral elements between special rices and white rice. The lysine content for seven types of special rices including black brown rice,red rice,black giant embryo glutinous rice, red giant embryo glutinous rice, giant embryo glutinous rice, red sweet rice, white sweet rice were signif- icantly higher than white rice for 2. 91%-24. 68% ;the iron content of six types of special rices including black rice, black brown rice,red rice ,fragrant glutinous rice,black giant embryo glutinous rice ,red sweet rice were significantly higher than white rice for 17.62%-68.09% ; the calcium contents for seven types of special rices including black brown rice, red rice, black sweet rice, red sweet rice, white sweet rice were significantly higher than white rice for 23.56%-49. 46% ;the zinc content for six types of special rices including black rice ,black brown rice ,red rice ,black sweet rice ,red sweet rice, white sweet rice were significantly higher than white rice for 12. 21%-5.87%. The above shows that there has a certain increasing effect for the content of lysine ,iron,calcium and zinc when having a single special trait or aggregating more than two special traits such as colored seed coat, giant embryo, sweetness, fragrance and waxy. Therefore, the aggregation of several

关 键 词：特种稻 氨基酸 矿质元素 Γ-氨基丁酸 花色苷 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]