7个鹅观草居群的形态学和细胞遗传学研究  

Cytogenetic and Morphological Studies on Seven Populations of Roegneria kamoji Ohwi(Triticeae: Poaceae)

作　　者：孙宗华[1] 张玥 邓梦秋 姜子小 焦振飞 周永红[1,2] 张海琴[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学小麦研究所,成都611130 [2]西南作物基因资源与遗传改良教育部重点实验室/四川农业大学,成都611130

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2017年第6期1032-1038,共7页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670331);四川省科技厅基础条件平台(2017TJPT0004);四川省农转资金(2017NZZJ007)

摘　　要：鹅观草广泛分布于我国各地及日本和朝鲜等地,具有丰富的遗传变异,种内变异类型丰富,一些居群间存在明显的生殖隔离。本研究利用人工杂交、形态学、繁育学及染色体组分析方法对来自四川雅安、四川宜宾新文、四川宜宾翠屏山、青海、新疆、浙江及山东的7个鹅观草居群进行了遗传分化研究。结果显示:(1)不同居群在株高、穗长、外稃长等表型性状存在差异,各居群间杂种F1表型性状普遍优于两亲本居群,但是颖宽个别性状劣于亲本。(2)各居群间杂种F1染色体配对水平总体较高,但也存在差异;二价体数目变异范围为19.77~20.91,单价体数目变异范围为0.18~2.46,还有低频率的三价体、四价体出现。(3)杂种F1的育性为78.9%~89.67%,自然结实率43.05%~77.98%,其中浙江与四川宜宾翠屏山居群的杂种F1的自然结实率最低(43.05%)。以上结果表明,7个鹅观草居群间存在一定程度的分化,且与各居群的地理分布呈正相关;四川宜宾与浙江居群之间存在一定的生殖隔离,遗传变异较大。Roegneria kamoji Ohwi exited widely in China, Japan and Korea. Genetic variations and variations within species of R. kamoji Ohwi were reported in previous studies. Reproductive isolation was also observed in R. kamoji Ohwi. In this study, we using artificial hybridization, morphology comparison, thremmatology and genome a- nalysis studies for exploring the genetic variations of seven populations of R. kamoji Ohwi from Sichuan Ya＇ an, Si- chuan Yibin Xinwen, Sichuan Yibin Cuipingshan, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Zhejiang and Shandong. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） the plant height,length of spike, length of lemma was different of populations of R. kamoji Ohwi. The phe- notypic traits of the seven F1 hybrids were better than their parents, while width of glume was inferior to their par- ents. （2）Different chromosome pairing was observed in seven F1 hybrids. Meiotic pairing in hybrids averaged 19.77 to 20.91 bivalents per cell,0. 18 to 2.46 univalents per cell, and a low frequency of trivalents and tetravalents,re- spectively. （3）The fertility and natural seed set of the FI hybrids ranged from 78.9% to 89.67% ,43.05% to 77.98% ,respectively. The lowest seed set（43.05% ）was found in the FI hybrid between Zhejiang and Siehuan Yibin Cuipingshan. The above results suggested that differentiations were existed in seven populations of R. kamoji Ohwi, and it positively correlated with the geographical distribution of the populations. Reproductive isolation was existed between populations of R. kamoji Ohwi from Zhejiang and Sichuan Yibin.

关 键 词：鹅观草 居群 染色体配对 形态学 遗传分化 

分 类 号：S543.2[农业科学—作物学]