重视我国早产儿及危重新生儿的发育行为及心理评定  

Paying attention to developmental behavior and psychological evaluation of premature and critically ill new-borns

作　　者：肖农[1] 陈艳妮[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属儿童医院康复科、儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室、儿科学重庆市重点实验室、重庆市儿童发育重大疾病诊治与预防国际科技合作基地,重庆400014 [2]西安市儿童医院/西安交通大学医学院附属儿童医院/陕西省儿童医疗中心/陕西省儿童疾病临床医学研究中心,陕西西安710002

出　　处：《中国实用儿科杂志》2017年第11期807-812,共6页Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics

摘　　要：随着医疗技术水平的发展,早产儿、危重新生儿的存活率不断提高,但随之而来的认知、运动、心理及行为障碍等的发生也随之增加。神经发育障碍和反复出现的健康问题会严重影响患儿婴幼儿时期的生长发育;而许多潜在的障碍,如学习困难、行为异常等则会伴随患儿一生。目前,早期筛查和早期干预都是为了通过采取各种措施尽量改善患儿远期预后,尤其是阻止大脑损伤和脑的异常发育。然而,由于我国相关研究起步晚、基础薄弱,目前这方面仍处于初级发展阶段。因为发现异常是实施干预的第一步,所以早期筛查评定对于我国来说显得尤为重要。因此,文章主要介绍了尽可能早期开展相关筛查评定的方法,尤其倡导将筛查评定工作提前到新生儿重症监护病房时期,以利于改善患儿预后并营造一个合适的康复环境。With the development of medical technology, survival rates have greatly improved in recent years in prema- ture and critically ill newborns. However, these infants are at risk of long-term adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, includ- ing cognitive, motor and psychological problems and behavioral impairments. Neurodevelopmental disabilities and recur- rent health problems take a toll in early childhood. Subsequently hidden disabilities, such as school difficulties and be- havioural problems, become apparent and persist into adolescence. At present, the focus for early screening and interven- tions are to develop strategies to reduce long-term morbidity, especially to prevent brain injury and abnormal brain devel- opment. Due to the late start and weak foundation, the related researches in China is still in the early stages of develop- ment. To find abnormality is the first step to intervene, so it is particularly important to screen early. Thus, this review dis- cusses key components of early evaluation, including commencing the evaluation as early as possible, preferably in the neonatal intensive care unit, and promoting developmental skills overtime in an appropriate enriched environment.

关 键 词：早产 危重新生儿 神经发育 心理 评估 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]