沙打旺黄矮根腐病的研究进展  

Review of research on yellow stunt and root rot in Astragalus adsurgens

作　　者：李彦忠[1] 徐娜[1] 汪治刚 史敏 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2017年第11期196-204,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然基金面上项目(31272496);公益性行业(农业)科研经费专项项目(201303057);高等学校学科创新引智计划(B12002)资助

摘　　要：沙打旺仅在我国作为牧草人工栽培,20世纪末期种植面积达6.7万hm2,此后因草地快速衰退而播种面积大幅度缩减。研究发现其早衰的主要因素是一种真菌病害,该病害就是首次在甘肃发现的沙打旺黄矮根腐病,目前已在甘肃、陕西、宁夏、云南、内蒙古等所有沙打旺栽培地区发现。枝条矮化、叶片黄化、根腐烂是主要症状,病菌为沙打旺埃里砖格孢(Embellisia astragali),其菌丝寄生于植株的所有组织体内,为系统性病害。为有效防控该病害,保护我国特有牧草,自该病发现后在病害和其病原菌特点、病菌的分子生物学、抗病品种筛选、药剂防治等方面进行了研究,本研究综述了自该病发现以来的研究成果,提出了该病害在植物病理学领域的意义以及后续应加强的研究方向。Standing milkvetch（Astragalus adsurgens）is a very important native perennial pasture plant in China.At the end of the 20 th century it occupied more than 67000 ha,but since then has declined sharply due to the onset of fungal disease.Yellow stunt and root rot（YSRR）,first detected in Gansu province,is a major factor in the decline of milkvetch pasture.YSRR is a seed-born,systemic disease that can be spread by wind and water flow.Infected plants show symptoms of yellowing and necrosis stunting in leaf blades,discoloration of stems from brown to black and,in extreme cases,plant death.This pathogenic fungus is closely related to locoweed endophytes,which are therefore useful for research on its evolutionary origins.This paper summarizes studies of YSSR pathogen,infection cycle and control methods.It also discusses prospects for further research.

关 键 词：黄矮根腐病 病原 疯草内生真菌 草地生产力 病害防治 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]