密植玉米群体产量及相关性状对低氮干旱胁迫的响应  

Response of yield and related traits of maize population densely planted to low nitrogen stress and drought stress

作　　者：赵如浪[1] 王永宏[1] 张文杰[1] 赵健[1] 蔡启明 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏永宁750105

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2017年第5期20-27,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260306);宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导资金项目(NKYG-17-02-4);宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ17129)

摘　　要：【目的】通过综合分析密植条件下不同低氮干旱胁迫对玉米产量构成、物质积累与叶面积变化等指标的影响,研究密植玉米群体产量及相关性状对低氮干旱胁迫的响应机制.【方法】在密植条件下设置不同氮素和干旱胁迫处理试验.【结果】不同氮素胁迫对密植玉米群体产量构成影响较大;氮素胁迫对单位面积穗粒数、千粒质量和穗部性状的影响随着胁迫处理年限的增加愈加明显;吐丝后40d干旱胁迫对产量的影响大于吐丝后20d,吐丝后20d干旱胁迫对穗部性状的影响大于吐丝后40d;吐丝后期干旱胁迫处理越迟对收获期群体叶面积指数(LAI)影响越大.【结论】随着氮素胁迫程度减小对产量的影响逐渐减小,氮素胁迫和吐丝后期干旱胁迫使穗粗、穗长、穗行数、行粒数以及单穗粒数减小,秃尖增长;吐丝后期干旱胁迫能明显降低群体干物质的积累量,减缓吐丝至收获期群体LAI的下降速率;在吐丝后期只灌一次水的情况下,适当早灌水有利于增产,增加籽粒千粒质量.【Objective】The effects of low nitrogen stress on the yield composition,dry matter accumulation,leaf area change of maize yield population under dense planting were comprehensively analyzed to research the response mechanism of yield and related traits to low nitrogen and drought stress.【Method】Setting different nitrogen and drought stress treatments under dense planting.【Result】The results showed that the nitrogen stress had a greater influence on the yield components.The effect of nitrogen stress on grain number per ear,thousand seed mass and spike traits intensified along with the treated years.The effect of drought stress on the yield was higher on the 40 th day than that on the 20 th day after silking and the effect on spike traits was higher on the 20 th day than that on the 40 th day.The later being treated by drought,the higher the effect of drought stress on LAI of maize population at harvest stage.【Conclusion】As the decreasing of nitrogen stress,the effect on yield also decreased gradually.Nitrogen stress and drought stress at late silking stage caused the decrease of spike diameter,spike length,spike row number and grains per row and grains per spike,and the increase of bald tip length.Drought stress at late silkingstage significantly decreased the dry matter accumulation and slowed down the declining rate of LAI from the silking to the harvest stage.The properly early irrigation was benefit to improve yield and increase the thousand seed mass of grains under the condition of irrigating one time at late skilling stage.

关 键 词：密植玉米 产量性状 氮素胁迫 干旱胁迫 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]