土壤养分对辽东山区主要阔叶树种幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of soil nutrients on seedling growth of major tree species in montane region of eastern Liaoning Province,China

作　　者：王静[1,2,3] 徐爽 闫涛[1,2,3] 马维娟[4] 闫巧玲 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室(沈阳应用生态研究所),沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站,沈阳110016 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国气象局气象干部培训学院辽宁分院,沈阳110166

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第11期3148-3159,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670637;31222012);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2011158)资助

摘　　要：将人工针叶纯林诱导形成针阔混交林、促进阔叶树种在针叶林内的更新是解决辽东山区针叶纯林问题的关键。幼苗生长是树种更新过程的重要环节、决定着植物更新成功与否,而且对环境变化较敏感;土壤养分的变化是影响幼苗生长的主导因子之一。本文以辽东山区3种主要阔叶树种(胡桃楸Juglans mandshurica、花曲柳Fraxinus rhynchophylla和蒙古栎Quercus mongolica)幼苗为研究对象,初步探讨3种树种幼苗在3种林型(针叶(落叶松、红松)人工林、次生林(参照))土壤下的生长状况及其与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:除花曲柳外,其他2种阔叶树种幼苗各部位器官的生物量在不同林型土壤下未表现出显著差异;而且胡桃楸幼苗根、茎、叶的养分含量与土壤养分之间几乎无显著相关性(P>0.05)。但是,蒙古栎和花曲柳幼苗的根茎叶生物量分配和养分含量均与土壤养分显著正相关(P<0.05)。比较3种幼苗叶片的N/P发现,生长在次生林土壤(N/P=10.7)和红松人工林土壤(N/P=11.6)的胡桃楸幼苗生长可能受到N限制;生长在次生林土壤(N/P=25.0)和落叶松人工林土壤(N/P=19.4)的花曲柳幼苗生长可能受到P限制;蒙古栎幼苗生长并未表现出N或P限制。上述结果表明,花曲柳和蒙古栎幼苗生长对土壤养分变化的响应较大,而胡桃楸幼苗在落叶松人工林下的生长不易受到土壤养分的限制。今后研究中,需要探讨可能影响针叶林内的阔叶树种幼苗生长的其他因素(例如:光照、温度等),进而为促进阔叶树种在针叶林内的幼苗更新提供全面参考。A key to solve the problems about coniferous plantation degradation in montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province is to convert pure coniferous plantations into mixed conifer-broadleaf forests or promote the natural regeneration of broadleaved tree species in coniferous plantations.Seedling growth,a period of tree regeneration sensitive to environmental changes,is a crucial process to determine either the success or failure of plant regeneration.Moreover,soil nutrient is a dominant factor to ensure seedling growth.We took the seedlings of three dominant tree species including Juglans mandshurica,Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Quercus mongolica as the research objects to explore：（1） the effect of soil（from larch plantation,Korean pine plantation and secondary forest） on seedling growth,and（2） the relationship between seedling growth and soil nutrients.The results showed that the differences of soil nutrient in the three forest types had no obvious effect on seedling biomass for J.mandshurica and Q.mongolica,and there were no significant correlations between nutrient contents in seedlings and soil nutrients（P〉0.05）.In contrast,there were positive correlations between soil nutrient and seedling biomass allocation and nutrient contents in root,stem and leaf for Q.mongolica and F.rhynchophylla（P〈0.05）.Based on the N/P ratios in the leaves of seedlings,the growth of J.mandshurica seedling was likely to be restricted by the N content in the soil of secondary forest（N/P = 10.7） and pine plantation（N/P =11.6）.However,the growth of F.rhynchophylla seedling was possibly restricted by the P content in the soil of secondary forest（N/P = 25.0） and larch plantation（N/P = 19.4）,and the growth of Q.mongolica seedling was not restricted by N or P in the three studied forest soils.All of these results indicated that the seedling growth of Q.mongolica and F.rhynchophylla was more sensitive to the dynamics of soil N and P contents than that of J.mandshurica grown in the soil of coniferous plant

关 键 词：蒙古栎 胡桃楸 花曲柳 养分限制 化学计量比 

分 类 号：S718.4[农业科学—林学]