超额利润、价值总量与一般利润率  

Excess Profit,Total Value and General Rate of Profit

作　　者：肖磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学<经济学家>编辑部

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2017年第6期39-65,共27页China Review of Political Economy

基　　金：西南财经大学全国中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究中心项目"中国经济‘脱虚向实’的推动机制研究"(2017);中央高校基本科研业务费年度培育项目"企业家;知识创新与经济发展"(JBK160943)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：商品的社会价值可以通过平均价值、最高个别价值、最低个别价值和垄断价格形成。以最高个别价值(或个别生产价格)形成社会价值(或社会生产价格),就会产生"虚假的社会价值"。超额利润是超过成本价格的"虚假的社会价值",是经济发展中的普遍现象。超额利润的存在使社会的价值总量发生膨胀,以不等价交换或直接向消费者获取的社会过程无偿占有一部分社会财富,并导致一般利润率呈波浪式下降。超额利润的产生、增大、衰减、消失对应于经济运行中复苏、繁荣、衰退、萧条四个阶段,可用"超额利润周期"测度重大创新引致的经济长波。超额利润的产生和消失表现为从非均衡到均衡的动态经济过程,马克思的"虚假的社会价值"范畴可发展成一般化的理论模型,用来刻画这种经济过程。The social value of commodities can be defined either by average value,highest individual value,lowest individual value or monopoly price.If it is defined by the highest individual value（highest individual price of production）,then a fake social value will be defined.Generated by the excess over cost price,the excess profit is by its definition a fake social value,while it is yet a common condition.The existence of excess profit lead to a fake addition to total social value.Thus they can take up social wealth by unequal exchange without any payment through an Similar inflation process.Therefore,the general rate of profit no longer performs a monotonic decrease,but a wavy one.The birth,surge,decline and purge of excess profit can match exactly the four phases of economy：recovery,boom,decline,recession,according to which we can make use of the excess profit cycle to investigate the Kondratiev wave.The emergence and disappearance of excess profits manifest as a dynamic economic process which is from non-equilibrium to equilibrium.Marx’s＂false social value＂category can be developed into a generalized theoretical model,used to describe this economic process.

关 键 词：超额利润 虚假的社会价值 一般利润率 非均衡 经济长波 

分 类 号：F014[经济管理—政治经济学]