生物膜技术在污染河流原位修复中的应用及研究进展  

Application and Research Progress of Biofilm Technology in Polluted River In-situ Bioremediation

作　　者：吕鹏翼[1] 罗金学[2,3] 韩振飞 黄占斌 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,100083 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院环境生物技术重点实验室,100085 [3]北控水务集团水环境研究院,北京100102

出　　处：《水处理技术》2017年第11期1-7,共7页Technology of Water Treatment

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2014ZX07204-005);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRW-ZS-2016-5)

摘　　要：微生物聚集形成生物膜在自然界中普遍存在,生物膜这一生命形式加强了微生物对外界环境胁迫的耐受性。基于生物膜的优势,生物膜技术在污染水体原位修复中具有广阔的应用前景,同时指出由于对生物膜特性认识的不足及自然环境的复杂性导致该技术在实际应用中有一定局限性。综述了生物膜的定义、形成过程、组成成分及调控机制,并根据生物膜技术修复机理及技术特点指出适当的挂膜方式、最优的运行参数(营养物质、溶解氧浓度、水力停留时间、C/N和温度)及对生物膜的形成及演替的掌握是生物膜技术成功应用于原位修复工程的关键因子。该研究旨在为生物膜技术在污染河流原位修复中的应用提供理论指导。Biofilms are communities of microorganisms attached to a surface, they occur in nature ubiquitously. The life form ofbiofilm enhances the microbial tolerance to the environment stresses. Based on the advantages ofbiofilm matrix, the biofihn technology shows broadprospects for in-situ remediation of polluted water. At the same time, because of the insufficient understanding of the biofilm characteristics and the complexity of the natural environment, limitations of the biofilm technology in practical applications are inevitable.Thedefinition,formation, composition, regulation mechanism of biofilm were reviewed, and according to the repair mechanism and characteristics of biofilm technology, the key strategies of the successful application ofbiofilm technology include appropriate start-up modes, optimal operating parameters （e.g., nutrients, dissolved oxygen, hydraulic retention time, C/N and temperature） and understanding of the biofilms formation and succession were pointed out. The studies aimed to provide theoretical guidance for the application ofbiofilm technology in the in-situ bioremediation of polluted rivers.

关 键 词：污染河流 原位 生物修复 生物膜技术 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]