高校为什么停止统一接种?——基于史密斯政策执行过程理论  

Why universities terminated organized vaccination? An analysis using the Smith model of policy implementation process

作　　者：王丽[1,2] 胡晓江[1] 徐晓新[1] 彭向东[1] 伍琼 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院,北京100875 [2]安徽医科大学卫生管理学院,安徽合肥230032 [3]中国农业大学研究生院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国卫生政策研究》2017年第10期35-41,共7页Chinese Journal of Health Policy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71373027);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金;2016年地方高校国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201610366002)

摘　　要：目的:从政策执行视角分析某市高校预防接种实施的情况,以及安徽"泗县疫苗事件"如何影响高校预防接种的实施,探索进一步加强高校学生预防接种的路径。方法:采用案例研究,对15位重点知情人进行深度访谈,并针对高校学生开展5组焦点小组访谈。对访谈内容进行文本转录、编码与分析。结果:高校预防接种政策目标不明确;目标群体(大学生)对预防接种的认知水平不高;突发事件下,执行机构行动空间受限;强调安全稳定的社会环境使执行机构对风险特别敏感。结论:泗县事件在注重维稳的社会环境下放大了预防接种政策执行的风险,影响了政策执行空间,凸显了政策目标的应对性,使高校统一组织接种模式受到冲击。建议政府进一步明确高校预防接种政策的执行目标与可执行空间,通过保险机制等分散预防接种的风险。Objective: Using the Smith Model of policy implementation,the paper analyses how an adverse event,the 'Si-xian County Vaccine Incident',caused the termination of organized vaccination in universities L city.Methods: Case study,in-depth interviews among 15 key insiders,and 5 focus-group interviews among college students. All interviews transcribed,coded and analyzed. Results: There are no clear policy targets nor specific implementation standards for college students' vaccination. The target group( college students) holds a low level of awareness of vaccination. Implementation departments are sensitive to any risks due to the prevalent stability-oriented social environment,and have limited space for action when facing emergencies. Conclusion: In the stability-oriented social environment,the Si-xian County Vaccine Incident amplified the risks and limited the space of vaccination policy implementation. In the absence of policy goals for college student vaccination,it was safer to terminate organized vaccination programs,which had a negative impact on university vaccination. The government should lay out specific policy goals for vaccination,and broaden the possible implementation space,as well as establish mechanisms for attenuating the risks of vaccination.

关 键 词：政策执行 预防接种 大学生 泗县疫苗事件 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]