论情态动词“能”的核心语义及语用解读机制  

A Study on the Core Connatation and Its Pragmatic Interpretation of Modal Verb “neng”

作　　者：余光武 

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院,江苏徐州221009 [2]语言能力协同创新中心,江苏徐州221009 [3]江苏师范大学语言能力高等研究院,江苏徐州221009

出　　处：《语言科学》2017年第6期598-615,共18页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(10CYY033);江苏省优势学科建设工程(PAPD)二期项目(江苏师范大学中国语言文学)的支持

摘　　要：情态动词的语义核心就是表达命题间的关系。按照这个观点,"能"的核心语义可以抽绎为p和D事实相容(p is compatible with D_(factual))。以该语义为基础,可以对"能"在具体语境中所表达的各项功能给予语用解读。解读的过程多是推理性的,如其意愿用法,用"能"说明p有实现为真的潜势,对于不同人群来说,因为不言自明的固有能力本无需再言,是语用推理的结果。"能"肯定、否定及疑问表达的不对称也必须结合具体的语境由语用推理入手才能解释。The core connotation of a modal verb is to express the relationship between propositions. Along this line,the core connotation of"neng"(能) could be deduced as"P is compatible with Dfactual". Based on this meaning,a pragmatic interpretation could be given to each function of "neng"("to be able to"; "to be capable to"; "possibly can",etc.) expressed in specific contexts. The process of interpretation tends to be reasoning. And like its usage of intention,its pragmatic meaning is often obtained with the expression of p(small sentences that modal verbs are in) when the subjects in p possess self-evident inherent ability. The word "neng"only interprets that there is potential for p to be true,with regard to different people,there is no need to mention the self-evident inherent ability,the result comes from pragmatic inference. The asymmetry of affirmation and negation expressed by "neng"have to be explained together with specific contexts by pragmatic inference.

关 键 词：能”情态动词 多功能语言形式 核心语义 语用解读 语用推理 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]