不同水平亲社会行为大学生的孤独特质、共情和心理理论特点  

Autistic Traits,Empathy and Theory of Mind of College Students with Different Level of Prosocial Behaviors

作　　者：孙帆 林力孜 戴美霞[1] 罗美芳 郭翠华[1] 杨文翰[1] 静进[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生系,广东广州510080

出　　处：《中山大学学报（医学科学版）》2017年第6期938-942,960,共6页Journal of Sun Yat-Sen University:Medical Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81573169)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同水平亲社会行为大学生的孤独特质(AT)、共情及心理理论(To M)能力特点。【方法】招募372名大学生(男91人,女281人;年龄18~25岁),采用孤独症谱系商数量表中文版(AQ-C)和亲社会倾向量表(PTM)量化AT和亲社会行为水平;从PTM得分高得分低组中分别抽取24(男10)、25(男12)人组成高低水平亲社会行为组,进一步采用中文版人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)与电脑版"看眼读心"测验(RMET)量化其共情及To M水平。【结果】PTM得分低组相较于得分高组的AQ-C总分(14.8±5.3 vs.13.8±5.3,P=0.031)、社会性(29.8±6.1 vs.27.6±6.0,P=0.001)得分更高。低水平亲社会组的IRI-C总分(46.5±9.9 vs 52.8±8.6,P=0.025)、观点采择得分(10.3±3.6 vs 12.1±2.4,P=0.049)均低于高水平亲社会组,RMET各指标在两组间无统计学差异。【结论】亲社会行为较差的大学生AT水平更高,且认知共情能力也较差,尚未发现亲社会行为与ToM存在关联。【Objective】To investigate autistic traits(AT)of college students with different levels of pro-social behavior,and their characteristics of empathy and theory of mind(To M).【Methods】372 college students(91 males)were recruited. The Chinese Version of Autism-Spectrum Quotient(AQ-C)and Prosocial Tendencies Measure(PTM)questionnaires were used to assess autistic traits and prosocial behaviors. 49 participants were drawn from the total sample for the next procedure. The Chinese Version of Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI-C)and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test(RMET)were used to assess empathy and theory of mind.【Results】The AQ-C's total(14.8±5.3 vs 13.8±5.3,P=0.031)and Socialness subscale(29.8±6.1 vs 27.6±6.0,P=0.001)scores in the low PTM group were higher than those in high PTM group. The IRI-C's total(46.5±9.9 vs 52.8±8.6,P=0.025)and Perspective Taking subscale(10.3±3.6 vs 12.1±2.4,P=0.049)scores in the low level of prosocial behavior group were lower than those in high level group. Scores of RMET showed no significant difference between the two groups.【Conclusions】Individuals with lower level of prosocial behaviors has higher AT,which may be related to deficits of cognitive empathy. No association between To M and prosocial behaviors has been found.

关 键 词：亲社会行为 孤独特质 共情 心理理论 大学生 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学] R193[医药卫生—医学心理学]