强还原过程对设施菜地土壤重金属形态转化的影响  

Effects of strong reductive process on transformation of heavy metals in protected vegetable soil

作　　者：孙延琛 曾祥峰[1] 杨立琼 石亚楠[1] 陈希娟[1] 庄杰[1] SUN Yan-chen;ZENG Xiang-feng;YANG Li-qiong;SHI Ya-nan;CHEN Xi-juan;ZHUANG Jie(Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;Univeristy of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China）.)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所污染生态与环境工程重点实验室,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2017年第11期3759-3766,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07202-012);天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室开放基金资助~~

摘　　要：设施菜地由于污水灌溉、粪肥施用等导致重金属污染.本文通过土柱淹水同时添加玉米秸秆培养和后期通水淋洗,研究强还原法对设施土壤重金属(Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn)形态转化的影响.结果表明:强还原处理使土壤p H显著降低,玉米秸秆处理变化更显著;土壤氧化还原电位(Eh)迅速下降至-280 m V左右.玉米秸秆处理可以促进土壤中Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn活化,第9天土壤中有机物及硫化物结合态和残渣态Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量比重下降;至15 d培养结束,土壤中4种重金属含量较对照分别减少18.1%、19.0%、16.1%和15.7%.玉米秸秆处理可以增加土壤中Cd和Zn的溶出量,但是Cu的溶出量减少;胶体结合态Cd和Pb含量较对照增加、Cu较对照显著减少、Zn没有显著变化.强还原可以引起设施土壤重金属活化,提高蔬菜积累重金属的风险,而且其随土壤水分的运移可能导致水体的污染.The application of sewage and manure in protected vegetable cultivation can induce the occurrence of heavy metals contamination. The present research studied the transformation of heavy metals（ Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn） by incubating contaminated protected soil with maize straw and then leaching. The results showed that soil p H was significantly decreased,being more evident in maize straw treatment; soil Eh dropped quickly below-280 m V. Maize straw treatment promoted the activation of Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn from soil,and the total percent of oxidizable fraction and residual fraction of Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn declined at 9 thday; the amount of Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn in soil reduced 18.1%,19. 0%,16. 1% and 15. 7% at 15 thday,respectively. Compared to control,maize straw treatment could increase the concentrations of dissolved Cd and Zn,but Cu decreased. The concentration of colloidal-bound Cd and Pb increased,Cu decreased and no significant change occurred in Zn in maize straw treatment. Strong reductive approach could activate heavy metals in protected vegetable soil,increase the risk of heavy metals accumulation in vegetables,and possibly cause water pollution accompanied with soil water mobilization.

关 键 词：设施菜地 强还原 重金属 形态转化 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]