基于几何误差灵敏度的卧式数控镗床运动精度分析  

Kinematic accuracy analysis of NC horizontal boring machine based on geometric errors sensitivity

作　　者：刘恩[1] 曾凯[1] 何晓聪[1] 窦炜[1] 袁胜万[2] 崔岗卫[2] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学机电工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]沈机集团昆明机床股份有限公司,云南昆明650203

出　　处：《机械设计》2017年第10期68-74,共7页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：国家科技重大资助项目(2012ZX04012-031);云南省应用基础研究计划资助项目(KKSY201201126)

摘　　要：提出了一种基于几何误差灵敏度的卧式数控镗床运动精度分析方法。针对典型卧式镗床进行几何误差溯源分析,确定影响机床X,Y,Z轴运动精度的21项几何误差,基于多体系统运动学理论,考虑机床各典型体间误差耦合作用机制,建立机床的空间误差模型。借助激光干涉仪对某大型卧式数控镗床进行几何误差检测试验,将检测结果输入九线法几何误差辨识模型,分离该机床的21项几何误差,并对各几何误差进行多项式拟合,据此分析该机床的空间误差场的分布特征,并针对各几何误差项进行灵敏度分析。结果表明:X,Y轴关键误差因素为位移误差,Z轴关键误差因素为直线度误差。通过对各关键因素进行精度补偿,实现该机床空间误差场分布的优化分析。对比分析表明,补偿后的空间误差场在各线性轴分布趋于均匀,最大误差从0.056 4 mm减小为0.027 8 mm,机床的空间运动精度得到明显提高。该分析方法可为此类型机床运动精度分析及空间误差补偿提供理论依据。A kinematic accuracy analysis method of NC horizontal boring machine is proposed based on spatial error model. 21 geometric errors which affecting X, Y ,Z axis kinematic accuracy are received by analyzing geometric error source of a typical boring machine, and spatial error model is built by considering the coupling effect between typical bodies based on multi-body system theory. The geometric error testing experiment of a large NChorizontalboring machine is worked out with laser interferom- eter, testing results are input error identification model of nine line method to separate 21 geometric errors, and spatial error field is analyzed by each geometric error polynomial fitting. According to sensitivity analysis of each geometric error, the key error affecting X, Y axis is displacement error and the key error affecting Z axis is straightness error. Spatial error field is optimized by key error compensation. By comparing analysis, it is found that the comprehensive error after compensation changes uniformly in each linear axis, while the maximum error is reduced from 0.056 4 mm to 0.027 8 mm, spatial kinematic accuracy of machine tool is improved obviously. It has theoretical basis for kinematic accuracy analysis and spatial error compensation of this machine tool.

关 键 词：卧式数控镗床 几何误差 灵敏度 九线法 运动精度 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]