农村厕所改造现状及存在问题探讨  

Current Situation and Problems of Rural Dry Toilet Renovation in China

作　　者：李慧[1] 付昆明[1] 周厚田 仇付国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室中-荷污水处理技术研发中心,北京100044

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2017年第22期13-18,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：住房和城乡建设部资助项目(建村2015-76)

摘　　要：在我国广大的农村地区,由于卫生系统的缺乏及传统旱厕的应用引发的一系列环境污染及健康安全问题日益严重,致使农村厕所改造迫在眉睫。因此,分别从工作原理、存在优势及国内改造情况等方面介绍了几种目前农村应用比较普遍的厕所(三格化粪池、双瓮式厕所、沼气池厕所、粪尿分集式厕所、堆肥厕所及完整下水道水冲厕所等)。通过分析总结,认为农村厕所改造在应用中应重点解决终产物的处理问题,建立农户与企业互利共赢并使资源得到有效回收利用的产业系统,这种可持续发展模式将作为推进农村厕所改造进程的重要突破口,为后期工程的推进提供重要的指导意义。In rural areas of China, the lack of sanitary systems and the application of traditionaldry toilets have caused a series of environment pollution and health problems. So the improvement of ruraltoilets has become imminent. This paper introduces several basic types of toilets in terms of the workingprinciple, advantages and progress of domestic reconstruction project, including three septic tank toiletssuch as double-urn toilets, biogas toilets, urine-diverting dry toilet, composting toilets and complete wa-ter-flushing toilets. Through the analysis and discussion, it is concluded that the focus lies in solution tothe problem of the final product. It is necessary to establish an industrial chain in which both the farmersand the enterprises are mutually beneficial so as to effectively recycle resources. As a kind of sustainabledevelopment model, it will be an important breakthrough to promote the improvement of rural toilets andbe of great significance to guide the latter projects.

关 键 词：厕所改造 旱厕 粪便 资源回收 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]